Descripción de dos especies nuevas del género Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae) en la Península Ibérica

Ignacio Doadrio; Carla Sousa-Santos; Silvia Perea

doi:10.3989/graellsia.2023.v79.392

Autores/as

Ignacio Doadrio Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-9711
Carla Sousa-Santos MARE –Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ISPA – Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-5553
Silvia Perea Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-8577

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2023.v79.392

Palabras clave:

Taxonomía, Península Ibérica, Squalius, Cypriniformes, Leuciscidae, genética, morfología

Resumen

Se describen dos nuevas especies, Squalius gaditanus sp. nov. y Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. sobre la base de caracteres morfológicos y genéticos. Squalius gaditanus está restringida a las cuencas de Barbate, Jara y Miel en la provincia de Cádiz (sur de España). Squalius gaditanus sp. nov. se puede distinguir de otras especies del género Squalius, de la Península Ibérica, a través de una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos: 36-‍40 (x̄=38) escamas canaliculadas en la línea lateral; 6-‍7 (x̄=6.7) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 2-‍3 (x̄=2,8) escamas debajo de la línea lateral; vértebras 37-‍39 (x̄=38); en los ejemplares adultos el segundo infraorbitario es más estrecho que el tercero; maxilar con su proceso anterior poco puntiagudo; proceso posterior del maxilar largo y delgado; la rama inferior del hueso faríngeo es corta y robusta; placa faríngea del basioccipital redondeada y dos autapomorfias en el gen mitocondrial citocromo b. Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. vive en las cuencas de los ríos Almargem, Gilao, Odiel, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Guadalete, Guadalhorce, Vélez, Guadalfeo y Segura en el sur de la Península Ibérica. Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. se puede distinguir de otras especies del género Squalius, de la Península Ibérica,a través de una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos; 37-‍41 (x̄=38.8), escamas canaliculadas en la línea lateral; 6-‍7 (x̄=7) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 2-‍3 (x̄=2.9) escamas por debajo de la línea lateral; 37-‍39 (x̄=38) número de vértebras; en los adultos infraorbitarios excepcionalmente anchos; maxilar con la apófisis anterior puntiaguda; apófisis posterior del maxilar larga y delgada; la apófisis inferior del hueso faríngeo es corta y robusta; placa faríngea del basioccipital de forma triangular; lámina posterior de cleitro extendida.

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