New records of freshwater sponges (Porifera, Spongillidae) from Douro River basin, with ecological and taxonomic notes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.119Keywords:
ecology, distribution, rivers and lakes, freshwater Porifera, Douro basinAbstract
This work is a contribution to the knowledge of freshwater sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spongillidae) of the Douro River watershed. Specimens were found in 24 of 32 transects in 16 sampling stations. Distribution and several ecological data were obtained in 25 wadeable river transects (20+/5−) and 7 deep lakes (4+/3−) of six sub-basins of the northern Iberian plateau. Four species (Ephydatia fluviatilis, E. muelleri, Heteromeyenia baileyi and Spongilla lacustris) were recorded throughout the survey during successive dry sessions and classified by microscopic observation of siliceous sclera. The maximum species richness was found in the Negro River, where sympatric coexistence was detected in three species. E. muelleri was only found in the Aliste River, and it is the first record of this species in the Douro basin. H. baileyi showed a preference for shallow areas in flowing waters, and was only present on hard stony substrates (quartzites). S. lacustris and E. fluviatilis were found on compacted sediments, rocks and submerged wood substrates, and in a wide interval of depths. E. fluviatilis was absent in mountain lakes, whereas it was the most frequent species in rivers. H. baileyi and S. lacustris showed preference for acidic and low mineralization rivers, while both species of Ephydatia for more mineralized waters. The influence of chemical water and other environmental parameters on the distribution range of each species and its presence in syntopy with other invertebrate indicators of oligotrophic conditions, acidity and high oxygenation in water is remarked.
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