Algunos rasgos de la biología de la abeja roja de los caracoles, Rhodanthidium sticticum (Fabricius, 1787): fenología, preferencia floral, uso de conchas, capacidad de vuelo y comportamiento territorial

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2021.v77.307

Palabras clave:

Rhodanthidium sticticum, Megachilidae, Hymenoptera, comportamiento, nidificación, territorialidad

Resumen


La ecología y el comportamiento de la mayoría de las especies de abejas mediterráneas (fenología, comportamiento solitario o social, apareamiento, nidificación, especialización en plantas) son aún poco conocidos o no han sido descritos en profundidad, salvo para contadas especies. Tal es el caso de la abeja roja de los caracoles, Rhodanthidium sticticum (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), una especie mediterránea, solitaria y territorial cuya biología ha sido tratada muy superficialmente. En este trabajo se describe su fenología, el uso que hace de conchas de caracol más allá de la nidificación, la polilectia y las plantas que visita, su capacidad de vuelo, la territorialidad y el apareamiento, todo ello basado en observaciones de campo propias. La biología de R. sticticum es parecida a la de otros Anthidiini, pero con particularidades. Es una especie primaveral, univoltina, muy activa en días soleados durante las horas centrales. Cuando las condiciones meteorológicas son adversas se refugia en el interior de conchas de caracol, pudiendo compartirlas varios individuos (de la misma especie o incluso de otras). A pesar de ser claramente poliléctica, muestra preferencia por plantas con flores melitófilas, en especial del género Antirrhinum. Los machos defienden sus territorios, tanto contra otros machos conespecíficos como interespecíficamente, con un comportamiento que permite asegurar su propio éxito reproductivo.

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Publicado

2021-12-02

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1.
Romero D, Vargas P, Ornosa C. Algunos rasgos de la biología de la abeja roja de los caracoles, Rhodanthidium sticticum (Fabricius, 1787): fenología, preferencia floral, uso de conchas, capacidad de vuelo y comportamiento territorial. Graellsia [Internet]. 2 de diciembre de 2021 [citado 27 de abril de 2024];77(2):e146. Disponible en: https://graellsia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/graellsia/article/view/672

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Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte
Números de la subvención FPU014/02750