GRAELL Graellsia Graellsia 0367-5041 1989-953X 0367-5041 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas SAM 10.3989/graellsia.2021.v77.301 graellsia.2021.v77.301 Artículo Annotated check-list of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Morocco. Part II Lista comentada de Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) de Marruecos. Parte II Pteromalidae of Morocco II https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-2250 Kissayi Khadija 1 National School of Forestry, Department of Forest Development, B.P. 511, Avenue Moulay Youssef, Tabriquet, 11 000, Salé, Morocco Kissayi_k@yahoo.fr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-7721 Mitroiu Mircea-Dan 2 Alexandru Ioan Cuza, University of Iaşi, Faculty of Biology, Research Group on Invertebrate Diversity and Phylogenetics, Bd. Carol I 20A, 700 505, Iaşi, Romania mircea.mitroiu@uaic.ro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-1117 Rohi Latifa 3 University Hassan II, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sik, Laboratory of ecology and environment, Avenue Driss El Harti, B.P. 7955, Casablanca, 20 800, Morocco rohilatifa@yahoo.fr rohilatifa@gmail.com XX XX 2021 06 2021 77 1 e139 13 10 2020 22 02 2021 04 06 2021 © 2021 SAM & CSIC 2021 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

In this second part, we present the subfamily Pteromalinae in Morocco, which includes 86 species belonging to 50 genera. Fifteen genera and 37 species are listed for the first time in the Moroccan fauna, among which 9 have been newly identified, 24 have been found in the bibliography and 4 deposited in natural history museums. An updated list of Moroccan species is given, including their distribution by regions, their general distribution and their hosts.

En esta segunda parte, presentamos la subfamilia Pteromalinae en Marruecos, que incluye 86 especies pertenecientes a 50 géneros. Quince géneros y 37 especies se enumeran por primera vez en la fauna marroquí, de las cuales 9 han sido recientemente identificadas, 24 se han encontrado en la bibliografía y 4 están depositadas en museos de historia natural. Se proporciona una lista actualizada de especies marroquíes, incluida su distribución por regiones, su distribución general y sus huéspedes.

 Pteromalinae distribution hosts new record Morocco Palaearctic Region Pteromalinae distribución hospedadores nuevo registro Marruecos Región Paleártica Introduction

The Pteromalidae is a speciose and very diverse family of mostly parasitoid wasps (the number was greater, but many species and genera have been reduced to synonymy in recent years) (Gibson et al., 1999). The subfamily-level divisions are highly contentious and unstable, and the family is unquestionably artificial, composed of numerous, distantly related groups (polyphyletic) (Carpenter, 1992; Török & Abraham, 2002; Munro et al., 2011).

Accordingly, their life histories range over nearly the entire possible spectrum within the Chalcidoidea, though the majority of the species are larval or pupal parasitoids attacking many orders across Insecta. They can be categorized into many groups i.e. endoparasitoids and ectoparasitoids; hyperparasitoids; primary or secondary parasitoids; solitary or gregarious species; inquilines or kleptoparasitoids of a wide variety of insects and arachnids, or phytophagous gall-formers (Parker & Thompson, 1925; Kerrich & Graham, 1957; Szczepanski, 1960; Bouček, 1963, 1977, 1988; Parnell, 1964; Askew, 1965; Graham, 1969; Burks, 1979; Bouček & Rasplus, 1991; Ghahari & Huang, 2012; Mitroiu, 2012, 2017; Noyes, 2020).

The second part of our contribution to the Pteromalidae fauna of Morocco follows the first part (treating the subfamilies Asaphinae, Cerocephalinae, Cleonyminae, Eunotinae, Macromesinae, Miscogastrinae, Ormocerinae, Pireninae, Spalangiinae and Sycoryctinae) (Kissayi et al., 2019) and includes only the subfamily Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820.

 Material and methods

This work has been carried out in several stages. The first stage devoted to the compilation of all the available literature, was supplemented by visiting national and international museums and consulting databases devoted to Chalcidoidea, notably the richest and the most frequently updated one edited by Noyes (2020). The final stage of this inventory included material collected with Malaise traps at three sites within the Maâmora forest (see Kissayi et al., 2019).

Abbreviations used in the text

CIRAD Center for International Cooperation in Agricultural Research for Development, Montpellier, France;

ETHZ Entomological Institute of E.T.H., Zurich, Switzerland;

MCHN Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova;

NMBE Natural History Museum Berne, Switzerland;

RBINS Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.

 Results

For each species we provide its known Distribution in Morocco (as Morocco when no exact locality is available), Insect hosts and general distribution. New data are marked with an asterisk.

Subfamily Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820

Genus Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881)

Distribution in Morocco. Essaouira, 2 ♀♀ (Vago, 2002: 95); Rabat, 1 ♀, 13.V.1963 (ETHZ) (Baur et al., 2014: Annexe S1: 5).

Insect hosts. Coleoptera: Anobiidae (De Santis, 1979, 1980; Bouček, 1988), Anthribidae (Goncalves et al., 1976), Apionidae (Herting, 1973), Bostrichidae (Ahmed & Kabir, 1995; Helbig, 1998), Bruchidae (Yoshida & Hidaka, 1979; Haeselbarth, 1985; Asl et al., 2009), Curculionidae (Farooqi & Subba Rao, 1986), Dermestidae (Nutting & Gerhardt, 1964), Dryophthoridae (Williams & Floyd, 1971; Mitroiu, 2001), Nitidulidae (Thompson, 1958), Silvanidae (Ahmed, 1996), Tenebrionidae (Sureshan & Narendran, 2003); Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae (Begum, 1994); Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae (Smith et al., 1995), Pyralidae (Graham, 1969; Pereira, 1998).

General distribution. Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palaearctic Regions.

Genus Caenocrepis Thomson, 1878

Caenocrepis arenicola (Thomson, 1878)

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir (about 15 km S of Chauen, Jebala), 1850 m, 1 ♀, 4.-11.VII.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 13); Rabat, 1 ♀, 29.IV1992 (Vago, 2002: 96).

Insect hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Haeselbarth, 1989; Mitroiu, 2012).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Callitula Spinola, 1811*

Callitula bicolor Spinola, 1811*

Distribution in Morocco. Fez Region; Meknes region, many ♀ and ♂ (Klein, 1995: abstract only).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Askew et al, 2001), Chloropidae (Bouček, 1964), Opomyzidae (Vidal, 1997). In Morocco, this species has been reared from Phytomyza orobanchia Kaltenbach, 1864 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) parasite of Orobanche spp. (Orobanchaceae) (Klein & Kroschel, 2002).

General distribution. Palaearctic and Nearctic Region.

Genus Catolaccus Thomson, 1878

Catolaccus crassiceps (Masi, 1911)

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat; 1 ♀, 25.VII.1993; 1 ♂, 31.VII.1993; 10 km S Azrou, 1 ♀, 9.VIII.1993 (Vago, 2002: 96), Province of Tata: Tichekji, 29°54′36″N 8°31′48″W, Sidi Moulay Cherif, 30°39′36″N 6°33′36″W; Taroudant, 30°29′24″N 8°51′W (Stefanescu et al., 2012: 91).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Farooqi & Subba Rao, 1986); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Dehdar & Madjdzadeh, 2013); Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae, Pyralidae (Sureshan & Narendran, 2003), Noctuidae (Singh et al., 1983); Pieridae (Verma et al., 1976); Neuroptera: Chrysopidae (Dzhanokmen, 1980).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region and India.

Genus Cecidostiba Thomson, 1878*

Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785)*

Distribution in Morocco. Taza, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, between 12.II. and 19.III.1951, V Delucchi leg. (Delucchi, 1962b: 13).

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Thompson, 1958; Graham, 1969; Herting 1977; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Tudor & Căruntu, 1980; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999; Melika et al., 2002; Askew et al., 2013; Doğanlar, 2014).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Cheiropachus Westwood, 1829

Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787)

Distribution in Morocco. Taroudant; Douar Aguerd-Oudad; Tasserirt; Béni Mellal; Béni Ayat; Timoulilt (Benazoun, 1988: 97); Tadla (Graf, 1977: only abstract); Ras El Ma; Azrou; Aïn Kahla (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Bostrichidae (Thompson, 1958), Cerambycidae Herting, 1973, Curculionidae (Bouček, 1977; Burks, 1979; Mendel, 1986; Yang, 1989; Öncüer, 1991; Campos & Lozano, 1994; Mitroiu, 2001; Buhroo et al., 2002; Olenici et al., 2015); Lepidoptera: Cossidae (Tawfik & Ramadan, 2006), Erebidae (Herting, 1976). In Morocco, this species was reared from Scolytus amygdali Guérin-Meneville, 1847 (= Scolytus (Ruguloscolytus) amygdali Guérin-Meneville, 1847) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) living on almond trees (Benazoun, 1988) as well as on Hylesinus oleiperda (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) living on olive trees (Graf, 1977). Also, this species has been reported as a parasitoid of wood-consuming beetles, mainly the Curculionidae (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Nearctic, Neotropical, Palaearctic Regions and India.

Genus Coelopisthia Förster, 1856*

Coelopisthia extenta (Walker, 1835)*

Distribution in Morocco. Sidi Bettache, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 21.II.1961; Oued Cherrat, 3.IV.1961; Mechraâ Belksiri, 6.IV.1961; Sidi Slimane, 18.IV.1961, V. Delucchi leg. (Delucchi, 1962a: 124).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Coles & Puttler, 1963; Clancy, 1969; Flanders, 1972; Bouček, 1961); Hemiptera: Coccidae (Herting, 1972); Lepidoptera: Arctiidae (Boriani, 1994; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999), Geometridae (Dzhanokmen, 1978), Noctuidae (Grijpma, 1988), Tortricidae (Graham, 1969; Askew, 1980).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region, United States of America.

Genus Conomorium Masi, 1924

Conomorium patulum (Waker, 1835)

Distribution in Morocco. Fez, 25.II.1939 (Bléton & Fieuzet, 1939: 62); Mechraâ Belksiri (Gharb), 2 ♀♀, 15.II.1961; Kénitra, 15.I.1962 (Delucchi, 1962b: 14); Ras El Ma; Azrou; Aïn Kahla (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Anthomyiidae (Herting, 1978); Lepidoptera: Arctiidae (Graham, 1969; Zelenev, 1974; Bouček, 1961), Geometridae (Herting, 1976), Gracillariidae (Celli, 1964), Lasiocampidae (Graham, 1969), Erebidae (Haeselbarth, 1989), Lyonetiidae (Herting, 1975), Noctuidae (Göven & Efil, 1994), Notodontidae (Ghahari et al., 2010), Tineidae (Thompson, 1958). In Morocco, this species has been reported as a parasite of the larvae of the cabbage fly Delia radicum (Linnaeus, 1758) (= Hylemyia brassicae Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) (Bléton & Fieuzet, 1939). Also, it was obtained as parasitoid larvae and nymphs of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Conomorium pityocampae Graham 1992*

Distribution in Morocco. Ras El Ma, Azrou, Aïn Kahla (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Lepidoptera: Notodontidae especially the genus Thaumetopoea Hübner, 1820 (Graham, 1992; Vidal, 1997; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999; Askew et al., 2001). In Morocco, this species has been reported as a parasitoid of the pupae of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Cratomus Dalman, 1820*

Cratomus megacephalus (Fabricius, 1793)*

Material examined. Maậmora Forest, canton D, commune Aïn Johra, Al Maha, 1 ♂, 14.V.2014, K. Kissayi leg.

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Sphecidae (Ghahari & Huang, 2012).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region and United States of America.

Genus Cyclogastrella Bukovskii, 1938

Cyclogastrella clypealis Bouček, 1965

Distribution in Morocco. Morocco (Baur, 2000: 172).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Cyclogastrella simplex (Walker, 1834)

Distribution Morocco. The plain of Gharb: Mechraâ Belksiri, 1 ♀, 15.II.1961, V. Delucchi leg. (Delucchi, 1962a: 123); Aïn Kahla, Azrou, Ras El Ma (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae (Thompson, 1958), Tortricidae (Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999). In Morocco, this species was obtained as a secondary parasitoid of pupae of Acleris undulana (Walsingham, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions.

Genus Cyrtogaster Walker, 1833

Cyrtogaster vulgaris Walker, 1833

Distribution in Morocco. Ifrane, 1 600 m, Middle Atlas, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 24.V.II.1960; the surroundings of Rabat, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 30.XI.1960, 10.II.1961; Mechraâ Belksiri, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 15.II.1961; Lalla Mmouna, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 15.II.1961; along the road between Kenitra and Souk el Tleta (Gharb) a month later; Kenitra, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, between 11-31.I.1962; Berrechid (south of Casablanca), 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 6.III.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 14); Rabat, 1 ♂, 21.XII.1992 (Vago, 2002: 96).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Bruchidae (Andriescu & Mitroiu, 2001); Diptera: Agromyzidae (Bouček, 1961; Graham, 1969; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Godfray, 1985; Fry, 1989; Trandem, 1996; Askew et al, 2001; Mtroiu, 2001), Chloropidae (Askew, 1965; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999), Drosophilidae, Lonchaeidae, Lonchopteridae (Herting, 1978), Opomyzidae, Syrphidae (Vidal, 1997), Tephritidae (OILB, 1971); Hemiptera: Aphididae (Heydon, 1989); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Askew, 1965); Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae (Herting, 1976).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region, Canada and United States of America.

Genus Cyrtoptyx Delucchi, 1956

Cyrtoptyx lichtensteini (Masi, 1922)

Distribution in Morocco. The lower valley of Moulouya; Guercif, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, during the year 1960, J.J. Drea leg., B.D. Burks det.; region of Fez (Delucchi, 1962a: 123).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Graham, 1969; Herting, 1973; Dzhanokmen, 1978); Diptera: Tephritidae (Amini et al., 2014); Lepidoptera: Pyralidae (Herting, 1975; De Santis, 1983).

General distribution. North Africa, France, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, Puerto Rico, United States of America.

Genus Dibrachoides Kurdjumov, 1913

Dibrachoides dynastes (Förster, 1841)

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, 1 ♀, 21.IV.1992 (Vago, 2002: 96).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Thompson, 1958; Peck, 1963; Graham, 1969; Herting, 1973; Bouček, 1977; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Burks, 1979); Hemiptera: Carsidaridae (Öncüer, 1991).

General distribution. Canada, United States of America and Palaearctic Region.

Genus Dibrachys Förster, 1856

Dibrachys affinis Masi, 1907

Distribution in Morocco. Aïn Leuh (Middle Atlas), 3 ♀♀, 10.VIII.1993 (Vago, 2002: 96).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Calliphoridae (Graham, 1969); Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae (Öncüer, 1991), Erebidae (Herting, 1976, 1977), Sesiidae (Herting, 1975), Tortricidae (OILB, 1971; Haeselbarth, 1989; Baur, 2005), Yponomeutidae (Thompson, 1958).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Dibrachys lignicola Graham, 1969

Distribution in Morocco. Mamora, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ [under D. Cavus (Walker, 1835)] (Peters & Baur, 2011: 25); Ras El Ma; Azrou; Aïn Kahla (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Calliphoridae, Hippoboscidae (Peters & Baur, 2011); Hymenoptera: Diprionidae (Doğanlar, 1987); Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Tortricidae (Peters & Baur, 2011). In Morocco, this species was reared from Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) living on Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) (Peters & Baur, 2011) as well as on chrysalids of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region and United States of America.

Dibrachys microgastri (Bouché, 1834)

Material exa Mined. Maâmora Forest, canton D, commune Kceïbia, Aïn Assou, 1 ♀, 29.VIII.2012; Maâmora Forest, canton A, commune Sidi Taïbi, Taïcha, 1 ♀, 14.V2014, K. Kissayi leg.; Maâmora Forest, 3 ♀♀, [under Dibrachys boucheanus (Ratzeburg, 1844)].

Distribution in Morocco. Maâmora forest (De Lépiney, 1927: 161), Mddle Atlas [under D. boarmiae (Walker, 1863)] (Peters & Baur, 2011: 20); Ras El Ma; Azrou; Aïn Kahla (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Anobiidae, Bruchidae (Peck, 1963), Cerambycidae (Thompson, 1958), Coccinellidae (Burks, 1979), Cucujidae (Thompson, 1958), Curculionidae (Bouček & Sedivy, 1954; Yang, 1996), Dryophthoridae (Burks, 1979), Trogossitidae (Peters & Baur, 2011); Dermaptera: Forficulidae (Herting, 1971); Diptera: Agromyzidae (Herting, 1978), Calliphoridae, Hippoboscidae (Peters & Baur, 2011), Muscidae (Floate et al., 1999), Tephritidae (Peck, 1963); Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae (Thompson, 1958); Hymenoptera: Apidae (Öncüer, 1991), Cephidae (Peters & Baur, 2011), Diprionidae (Herting, 1977), Sphecidae (Vago, 2006), Tenthredinidae (De Santis, 1983), Vespidae (Baur, 2005); Lepidoptera: Arctiidae (Bouček, 1954), Bucculatricidae (Myartseva et al., 1999), Choreutidae, Coleophoridae (Peters & Baur, 2011), Erebidae (Haeselbarth, 1983), Gelechiidae (Vidal, 1993), Geometridae (Konno et al., 2002), Glyphipterygidae (Burks, 1979), Gracillariidae (Gorksa-Drabik & Napiorkowlik-Kowalik, 2009), Lasiocampidae (Herting, 1978), Lyonetiidae (Vidal, 1993), Noctuidae, Notodontidae (Burks, 1979), Nymphalidae (Askew, 1970), Oecophoridae, Pieridae (Peters & Baur, 2011), Psychidae (Kulman, 1965), Pterophoridae (Herting, 1975), Pyralidae (Kamijo, 1983; Mitroiu, 2001), Saturniidae (Peck, 1963), Sesiidae (Dobroserdov, 1971), Tineidae (Mehrnejad, 2003), Tortricidae (Oatman et al., 1983), Yponomeutidae (Unruh et al., 1993), Zygaenidae (Herting, 1976); Neuroptera: Chrysopidae (Herting, 1978), Hemerobiidae (Peters & Baur, 2011), Sympherobiidae (Burks, 1979) and Araneae: Araneidae, Thomisidae (Burks, 1979). In Morocco, this species was obtained from the parasitoid complex of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) (De Lépiney, 1927), so it was bred from larva (?) of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) on Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) G.Manetti ex Carrière, (Pinaceae) (Peters & Baur, 2011). Also, it has been noted as a secondary parasitoid of caterpillars and chrysalis of Acleris undulana (Walsingham, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Australian, Indo-Malay, Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions.

Genus Dinarmoides Masi, 1924**

Dinarmoides spilopterus Masi, 1924**

Material exaMined. Sidi Allal El Bahraoui, Shoul, 1 ♀, 10.VII.2105, K. Kissayi leg.

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Palaearctic Region and Yemen.

Genus Dinarmus Thomson, 1878

Dinarmus acutus (Thomson, 1878)

Distribution in Morocco. Ifrane, 1 ♀, 24.VII.1960, V. Delucchi leg. (Delucchi, 1962a: 123).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Bruchidae (Peck, 1963; Graham, 1969; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Burks, 1979; Boe et al., 1989; Abdul-Rassoul, 1990; Thuròczy, 1990; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999); Hemiptera: Coccidae (OILB 1971; Öncüer, 1991); Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae (Herting, 1973).

General distribution. Afrotropical, Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions.

Dinarmus basalis (Rondani, 1877)*

Material exa Mined. Maâmora Forest, canton D, Kceïbia commune, Aïn Assou, 1 ♀, 22.VIII.2012; 1 ♀, 29.VIII.2012; 2 ♂♂, 14.VIII.2012, K. Kissayi leg.

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Apionidae, Brentidae (Herting, 1973), Bruchidae (Peck, 1963; Bouček, 1974; Burks, 1979; Dzhanokmen, 1978), Dermestidae (Farooqi & Subba Rao, 1986; Sureshan & Narendran, 2003).

General distribution. Afrotropical, Indo-Malay, Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions.

Genus Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946*

Dinotiscus eupterus (Walker, 1836)*

Distribution in Morocco. Aïn Kahla; Azrou; Ras Al Ma (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Thompson, 1958; Graham, 1969; Herting, 1973; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999; Hougardy & Gregoire, 2001). In Morocco, this species was obtained as a parasitoid of saproxylophagous insects on the Atlas cedar (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. New Zealand, Nearctic and Palaearctic regions.

Genus Erythromalus Gahan, 1956*

Erythromalus sp. *

Material exa Mined. Maâmora Forest, Canton A, Sidi Taïbi commune, Taïcha, 1 ♀, 2.IV2014, K. Kissayi leg.

Remarks. The specimen could be a new species for science and, if confirmed, it will be published later.

Genus Fedelia Delucchi, 1962

Fedelia nebulosa Delucchi, 1962

Distribution in Morocco. Tarfaya: Oued Namoussa, 10 km southeast of El Khaloua, 2 ♀♀, 30.IV1961, Mesbahi leg. (Delucchi, 1962a: 115).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Palaearctic Region (Algeria, Canary Islands and Morocco).

Genus Hobbya Delucchi, 1957*

Hobbya stenonota (Ratzeburg, 1848)*

Distribution in Morocco. Region of Taza, 4 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂, between 26.III. and 6.IV1951 (Delucchi, 1962b: 14).

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Thompson, 1958; Graham, 1969; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Garrido Torres & Nieves Aldrey, 1999; Melika et al., 2002; Gómez et al., 2006; Vago, 2006; Askew et al., 2013).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Homoporus Thomson, 1878

Homoporus budensis Erdös, 1953*

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir, in Jebala, 15 km southeast of Chauen, 1 ♀, 4.-11.VII.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 14-15).

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Graham, 1969; Askew et al., 2006, 2013).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region (Hungary, Morocco, Moldova, Slovakia, Sweden).

Homoporus destructor (Say, 1817)

Distribution in Morocco. Chaouïa, VII.1932, Bouhélier leg. (Jourdan & Rungs, 1934: 213), coastal region of El Jadida, since 1932 (Jourdan, 1937: 53); Bouznika, many ♂ and ♀, 6.IV1961; Oued Cherrat arboretum, 20.II. and 3.IV1961; Rabat, 28.III. and 12.IV.1961; in the plain of Gharb: Sidi Slimane, 18.IV1961 (Delucchi, 1962a: 121-122).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Thompson, 1958; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Schuster & Lidell, 1990), Chloropidae (Graham, 1969; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Adlrey, 1999); Hymenoptera: Cephidae (Dubbert et al., 1998), Eurytomidae (Vidal, 1997); Lepidoptera: Erebidae (Peck, 1963).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region, Canada, United States of America.

Homoporus fulviventris (Walker, 1835)*

Distribution in Morocco. Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park, Y. Benyahia leg. (Benyahia, 2016: 167).

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Askew et al, 2001; Gómez et al, 2006), Eurytomidae (Thompson, 1958; Bouček, 1966; Herting, 1977).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Homoporus gibbiscuta (Thomson, 1878)*

Material exa Mined. Maâmora forest, Sidi Taïbi commune, Taïcha, 1 ♂, 08.V2014; 1 ♀, 26.VI.2012; 2 ♂♂, 03.VII.2012; Maâmora forest, Aïn Johra commune, Al Maha, 2 ♂♂, 14.V2014; 1 ♀, 02.IV2014; 2 ♂♂, 14.V2014; 1 ♀, 26.IX.2012; Maâmora forest, Kceïbia commune, Aïn Assou, 1 ♂, 17.IV2014, K. Kissayi leg.

Distribution Morocco. The surroundings of Rabat, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 28.III.1961 (Delucchi 1962a: 121).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Homoporus nypsius (Walker, 1839)

Distribution in Morocco. Atlantic Morocco: Bouznika, 1 ♀, 5.IV1961 (Delucchi, 1962a: 122); Rabat, 1 ♂, 29.IV1992 (Vago 2002: 96).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Thompson, 1958); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1992, 1999; Askew et al., 2001); Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae (Graham, 1969; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Burks, 1979), Torymidae (Peck, 1963; Mitroiu & Andriescu, 2003).

General distribution. Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions.

Homoporus rungsi Delucchi, 1962

Distribution in Morocco. Western Morocco, Arboretum Oued Cherrat (plateau) on the national road Rabat-Casablanca, 1 ♀ holotype, 1 ♂ allotype, 3.IV1961, Bouznika, on the same road, a few kilometers further south-west, 1 ♀, 4.IV1961 (Delucchi, 1962a: 121).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Endemic species of Morocco.

Homoporus silvanus Delucchi, 1962

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir, 1850 m, 15 km southeast of Chauen, in Jebala, 1 ♀, 4.-11.VII.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 15).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Endemic species of Morocco.

Homoporus sucinus Delucchi, 1962

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, ♀ Type unique, 28.III.196l (Delucchi, 1962a: 120).

HOSTS. Unknown.

General distribution. Endemic species of Morocco.

Genus Ischyroptyx Delucchi, 1956

Ischyroptyx ligusticus (Masi, 1921)

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, 1 ♀, 4 ♂♂, 27.VII.1993; same locality, 1 ♀, 2.VIII.1993, Mehdiya shores of Lake Sidi Boughaba, 1 ♀, VIII.1994 (Vago 2002: 97).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Lariophagus Crawford, 1909

Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster, 1841)

Distribution in Morocco. Tangier; Igli; Larache; Essaouira; Gharb; Rabat; Marrakech; Taroudant; Beni Msuar; Oujda; Casablanca and region (De Lépiney & Mmeur, 1932: 29, 39, 42, 43, 61); Meknes, many ♀♀, 24.VII.1960; Ifrane, 24.VII.1960 (Delucchi, 1962a: 123); Essaouira, 1 ♀, X.1983; Rabat, 1 ♀, I.1990 (Vago, 2002: 97).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Anobiidae (Peck, 1963), Bostrichidae (Burks, 1979), Bruchidae (Graham, 1969), Curculionidae (Öncüer, 1991), Dryophthoridae (Burks, 1979; Mitroiu, 2001), Ptinidae (Herting, 1973), Tenebrionidae (Vago, 2006); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Thompson, 1958); Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae (Ambriz et al., 1996).

General distribution. Australia, Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic Regions.

Genus Meraporus Walker, 1834

Meraporus graminicola Walker, 1834

Material examined. Maâmora Forest, Canton D, Kceïbia Commune, Aïn Assou, 1 ♀, 27.XI.2013; 1 ♀, 25.XII.2013, K. Kissayi leg.

Distribution in Morocco. Casablanca region, 6 ♀♀ and 1 ♂, 1930 (Jourdan & Rungs, 1934: 212), Témara, 4.II.1961; near Rabat, 28-29.III.1961; Oued Cherrat, 3.IV1961, Mechraâ Bel Ksiri, 15.II. and 6.IV1961; region of Fez, since 1938 (Bléton & Fieuzet, 1939: 61); Fez region, many ♂♂ and ♀♀ wingless and winged individuals, I.V1961; V1961, near Meknes 4.IV1960; Bouznika, 28.III.1961 (Delucchi, 1962a: 124); Rabat, 1 ♀, 23XII.1992; around Azrou, 6 ♀♀, VIII.1993 (Vago, 2002: 97).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Graham, 1969; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999; Mitroiu & Andriescu, 2003).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Merisus Walker, 1834*

Merisus splendidus Walker, 1834*

Distribution in Morocco. Morocco's North-Atlantic littoral zones: Rabat, Oued Cherrat, Berrechid, Casablanca; Mohammedia; Bouznika; Kénitra; Larache; Tanger, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, between 6.III. and 3.IV1961 (Delucchi, 1962a: 122).

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae (Graham, 1969; Askew et al., 2001); Lepidoptera: Glyphipterygidae (Abdullah et al., 1989).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833

Mesopolobus amaenus (Walker, 1834)*

Distribution in Morocco. Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park, 31.VII.2014, Y. Benyahia leg. (Benyahia, 2016: 173).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Graham, 1969; Askew, 1999); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Herting, 1977; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999; Gómez et al., 2006; Askew et al., 2013); Lepidoptera: Erebidae (Lymantriinae) (Haeselbarth, 1983).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Mesopolobus diffinis (Walker, 1834)*

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir, in Jebala, 15 km southeast of Chauen, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, H. von Rosen det. (Delucchi, 1962b: 16); Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park, Y. Benyahia leg. (Benyahia, 2016: 173).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Graham, 1969; Herting, 1978; Garrido Torres & Nieves Aldrey, 1992; Askew et al., 2001; Askew & Harris, 2007); Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae (Bouček, 1977).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Mesopolobus gemellus Baur & Muller, 2007*

Distribution Morocco. Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park, Y Benyahia leg. (Benyahia, 2016: 173).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Baur et al., 2007).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Mesopolobus incultus (Walker, 1834)

Distribution in Morocco. Talasoltane, Rif, 1850 m, 4 ♀♀, 4. and 11.VII.1961, collected by sweeping, (NMBE) (Baur et al., 2007: 393).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Apionidae (Askew et al, 2001; Bouček, 1966), Curculionidae (Graham, 1969; Herting, 1973; Garrido Torres & Nieves Aldrey, 1992); Diptera: Agromyzidae, Cecidomyiidae (Herting, 1978); Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae (Herting, 1977).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region, Canada, and New Zealand.

Mesopolobus morys (Walker, 1848)*

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir, l850 m, 15 km southeast of Chauen, in Jebala, (Delucchi, 1962b: 16); Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park, Y. Benyahia leg. (Benyahia, 2016: 168).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Apionidae (OILB, 1971; Mitroiu, 2005), Curculionidae (Peck, 1963; Bouček, 1977; Burks, 1979; Baur et al., 2007); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Herting, 1978; Askew et al., 2001).

General distribution. Nearctic and Palaearctic Region.

Mesopolobus nobilis (Walker, 1834)*

Material exaMined. Maâmora Forest, Canton A, Sidi Taïbi commune, Taïcha, 1 ♀, 14.V.2014, Maâmora forest, Canton D, Aïn commune Johra, Al Maha, 1 ♀, 8.V.2014, K. Kissayi leg.

Distribution Morocco. Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park (Benyahia, 2016: 173).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Apionidae (Herting, 1973).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region, United States of America and New Zealand.

Mesopolobus spermotrophus Hussey, 1960*

Distribution in Morocco. Aïn Kahla, Azrou, Ras El Ma (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Torymidae [Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl, 1893] (Bouček, 1971; Herting, 1977; Baur, 2005). In Morocco, this species has been reported as a secondary parasitoid? of pupae of Acleris undulana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Western Palaearctic Region, New Zealand and United States of America.

Mesopolobus teliformis (Walker, 1834)*

Distribution in Morocco. Oued Yquem (between Rabat and Casablanca), a few kilometers from its mouth, many ♂ and ♀, 4.VII.1960 (Delucchi, 1962b: 16).

Insects hosts. Hemiptera: Diaspididae (Xiao et al., 2016).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Mesopolobus tibialis (Westwood, 1833)*

Distribution Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir, l850 m, 15 km southeast of Chauen, in the Jebala, 1 ♂, 4. and 11.VII.1960 (Delucchi, 1962b: 16-17).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Herting, 1978); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Bouček, 1977; Mitroiu, 2001; Gómez et al., 2006; Askew et al., 2013; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae (Thompson, 1958; Askew, 1961).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Mesopolobus xanthocerus (Thomson, 1878)*

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir, l850 m, 15 km southeast of Chauen, in Jebala, 4. and 11.VII.1961, Oued Yquem (between Rabat and Casablanca), a few kilometers from its mouth, 4.VII. 1960 (Delucchi, 1962b: 17).

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999; Gómez et al., 2006; Askew et al., 2013), Eulophidae (Askew, 1961).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Metacolus Förster, 1856*

Metacolus unifasciatus Förster, 1856*

Distribution in Morocco. Bir Charef, 24.IV.1992, P. Graf leg. (CIRAD) (Delvare, com. pers., 2019).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Cerambycidae (Mendel, 1986), Curculionidae (Bouček, 1957; Graham, 1969; Herting, 1973; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Fry, 1989; Paanzavolta & Tiberi, 2010; Ghahari & Huang, 2012). In Morocco, this species was reared on Pityogenes sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (Delvare, com. pers., 2019).

General distribution. India, Afrotropical and Palaearctic Regions.

Genus Muscidifurax Girault & Sanders, 1910

Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, 1910

Distribution in Morocco. Essaouira, 1 ♀, VI.1983 (Vago, 2002: 97).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Anthomyiidae (Dzhanokmen, 1978), Calliphoridae (Burks, 1979; Peck, 1963), Muscidae (Graham, 1969; Herting, 1978), Sarcophagidae (Turner et al., 1968), Sepsidae (Marchiori et al., 2000), Syrphidae (Fry, 1989), Tephritidae (Podoler & Mendel, 1977).

General distribution. Australian, Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic Regions.

Genus Nasonia Ashmead, 1904*

Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836)*

Distribution in Morocco. Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park, Y. Benyahia leg. (Benyahia, 2016: 168).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Pettersen, 1976), Tenebrionidae; Dermaptera: Carcinophoridae; Dictyoptera: Blattellidae, Blattidae (Rivers et al., 1993); Diptera: Anthomyiidae (Turchetto et al., 2003), Calliphoridae (Peck, 1963; Askew, 1971), Glossinidae (Thompson, 1958), Hippoboscidae (De Santis, 1967), Muscidae (Burks, 1979; Bouček, 1988; Fry, 1989; Marchiori et al., 2013), Oestridae, Piophilidae (Burks, 1979), Sarcophagidae (Rivers & Denlinger, 1995; Oakeshott et al., 2010), Sciomyzidae (Thompson, 1958), Syrphidae (Turchetto et al., 2003), Tachinidae (Vidal, 1997); Hemiptera: Aphididae, Lygaeidae; Hymenoptera: Apidae (Rivers et al., 1993), Diprionidae (Herting, 1977), Vespidae (OILB, 1971); Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae; Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Noctuidae (Rivers et al., 1993), Lasiocampidae (Öncüer, 1991), Pyralidae (Thompson, 1958), Tortricidae (Herting, 1975); Orthoptera: Phasmatidae (Rivers et al., 1993).

General distribution. Australasia, Indo-Malay, Afrotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic and Neotropical Regions.

Genus Norbanus Walker, 1843

Norbanus cerasiops (Masi, 1922)

Distribution in Morocco. Doukkala, Haouz, Moulouya, Gharb, Kénitra, Tadla, Loukkos, Tangier, Tetouan (Brémond, 1938: 8); Skhirate, 1 ♀, 3.VII.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 18); Rabat 2 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂, VII.1936 (Rizzo & Mitroiu, 2010: 238-239).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Herting, 1973; Bouček, 1977; Öncüer, 1991; Hasani et al., 2011). The species is known in Morocco as an ectophagous parasite of larvae of Lixus juncii Boheman, 1838, L. scabricolllis Boheman, 1842 and L. brevirostris Boheman, 1835 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Brémond, 1938; Delucchi, 1962b).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Notoglyptus Masi, 1917

Notoglyptus scutellaris (Dodd & Girault, 1915)

Distribution in Morocco. Surroundings of Rabat, 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 12.II.1961, 29.II.1961, from 14. to 20.VI.1961 (Delucchi, 1962a: 17)

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Australian, Indo-Malay, Afrotropical, Palaearctic Region, and Canada.

Genus Novitzkyanus Bouček, 1961

Novitzkyanus cryptogaster Bouček, 1961

Material examined. Maậmora Forest, canton A, Sidi Taïbi commune, Taïcha, 1 ♀, 03.VII.2012; 1 ♀, 26.VI.2013; 1 ♂, 26.III.2013; 1 ♂, 12.IX.2012, K. Kissayi leg.

Distribution in Morocco. Along the road that leads from Rabat to Sale aerodrome, ♀ Type unique, 26.VI.1960 (Delucchi, 1962a: 119); garden of Agronomic Research of Rabat, allotype and paratype (ETHZ), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, between 13-20.VI.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 17).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Sarcophagidae (Baker et al., 2000) and Mollusca: Helicidae (Coupland & Baker, 1994).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Oxysychus Delucchi, 1956

Oxysychus regnieri (Masi, 1934)

Distribution in Morocco. Oasis of Tazzougert, 26.V1933; 6.VII.1933 (Jourdan & Rungs, 1934: 211); Tarzougeurt Moroccan Sahara, ♀, Regnier leg. (Masi, 1934: 98).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Curculionidae (Graham, 1969).

General distribution. Endemic species of Morocco.

Genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904

Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875)

Distribution in Morocco. Fez, 21.X.1935 (Rungs, 1936: 19); same locality, VIII.1938 (Bléton & Fieuzet, 1939: 61); Rabat, 1 ♀, 30.X.1928, J. Mmeur leg., MCHN (Graham, 1969: 847); Rabat region; Gharb; Zemmour; Berkane; Oujda; Nador; Figuig; Casablanca; Mohammedia; Bouznika; Benslimane; Azemmour; El Jadida; Settat; Berrechid; Marrakech; Safi; Essaouira; Souss Valley; Agadir; Biougra; Larache; Tangier; Ouazzane; Al Hoceïma; Béni Mellal; Khouribga; Khénifra; Tadla; Demnate; Azilal (De Lépiney & Mmeur, 1932: 106).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Anthomyiidae (Dzhanokmen, 1978), Calliphoridae (Burks, 1979; Graham, 1969; Marchiori et al., 2012), Cecidomyiidae (Farooqi & Subba Rao, 1986), Drosophilidae (Bouček, 1961), Lonchaeidae (Thompson, 1958), Muscidae (Herting, 1978), Phoridae (Reina & Vasta, 2003), Piophilidae (Bouček, 1961; Peck, 1963), Sarcophagidae (Marchiori et al., 2003), Sphaeroceridae (Marchiori et al., 2002), Stratiomyiidae (Pickens et al., 1975), Syrphidae (Marchiori et al., 2012), Tephritidae (De Santis & Fidalgo, 1994); Hemiptera: Coreidae (Herting, 1978); Hymenoptera: Apidae (Mitroiu, 2001); Lepidoptera: Bombycidae (Kumar et al., 1989), Pyralidae (Öncüer, 1991). In Morocco, this species was obtained from breeding the fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and also parasitizes the fruit flies which accompany Ceratitis (De Lépiney & Mimeur, 1932; Rungs, 1936; Bléton & Fieuzet, 1939). It has been observed on Drosophila repleta Wollaston, 1858 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) having many plant hosts figs, apricots, nectarines, peaches, apples, pears, grapes, melons, olives etc.; as well as on D. melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (= D. ampelophila Löw, 1862) and Ceratitis capitata where the larvae live as endoparasites of Drosophila larvae and the adults hatch from the host's pupae (De Lépiney & Mimeur, 1932).

General distribution. Australian, Neotropical, Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions.

Genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833

Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché, 1834)

Distribution in Morocco. Soualem Trifia (Atlantic coast between Casablanca and Azemmour), 2 ♀♀, 5.VI.1960; around Rabat, 2 ♀♀, 12.V.1961, Sidi Slimane, 1 ♀, 18.IV.1961 (Delucchi, 1962a: 123); Rabat, 3 ♀♀, 8.VIII.1993 (Vago, 2002: 97); Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park, Y. Benyahia leg. (Benyahia, 2016: 168).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae (Thompson, 1958); Diptera: Agromyzidae (OILB, 1971), Cecidomyiidae (Fry, 1989), Syrphidae (Peck, 1963); Hemiptera: Aphididae (De Santis, 1979; Farooqi & Subba Rao, 1986; Gibson, 2001; Mitroiu & Andriescu, 2003), Coccidae (Peck, 1963), Kermesidae (Thompson, 1958), Pseudococcidae (Herting, 1972), Psyllidae (Talitsky, 1966); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Fry, 1989; Askew et al., 2001); Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae (Xiao et al., 2009), Tortricidae (Gibson, 2001).

General distribution. Australian, Indo-Malay, Afrotropical, Neotropical, Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions.

Pachyneuron coccorum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution in Morocco. Casablanca, XI.1935 (Rungs, 1936: 19); Larache; Kénitra; Rabat; Salé; Casablanca; El Jadida; Essaouira (Smirnoff, 1956: 52).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae (Herting, 1973); Diptera: Chamaemyiidae (Thompson, 1958), Cryptochetidae (Herting, 1978); Hemiptera: Adelgidae (Herting, 1972), Aphididae (Radev, 1968), Coccidae (Herting, 1977), Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Kermesidae, Margarodidae, Pseudococcidae, Psyllidae (Herting, 1972); Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae (Zinna, 1960). In Morocco, this species was obtained in a rearing of Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (= Pseudococcus citri Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in company with Anagyrus bohemani (Westwood, 1837) (Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) of which it would be a predator (Rungs, 1936). In addition, it has been observed to reduce the activity of Chilocorus bipustulatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Smirnoff, 1956).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Pachyneuron formosum Walker, 1833

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, 3 ♀♀, IV.1993 (Vago, 2002: 97); Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park, Y. Benyahia leg. (Benyahia, 2016: 168).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Syrphidae (Thompson, 1958; Graham, 1969; Dzhanokmen, 1978; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999); Hemiptera: Aphididae (Öncüer, 1991), Pseudococcidae (OILB, 1971); Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae, Pieridae (Xiao et al., 2009).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren, 1872)*

Distribution in Morocco. Fir forest of Talassemtane National Park (Benyahia, 2016: 168).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Chloropidae (Graham, 1969), Psilidae (OILB, 1971), Syrphidae (Kamijo, 1983); Hemiptera: Aphididae, Coccidae (Kamijo & Takada, 1973); Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae, Pieridae (Xiao et al., 2009), Noctuidae (Vidal, 1993); Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae (Gupta & Poorani, 2008).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region and Yemen.

Pachyneuron muscarum (Linnaeus, 1758)*

Material examined. Rabat, 3 ♀♀, 27.VII.1949, W. Smirnoff leg., Ghesquière det. (RBINS, Brussels, Belgium) (pers. obs., 2018).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae (Graham, 1969), Curculionidae (Büchi, 1993); Diptera: Agromyzidae (Thompson, 1958), Cecidomyiidae (OILB, 1971), Chloropidae (Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999); Hemiptera: Aphididae (Öncüer, 1991), Coccidae, Diaspididae (Mendel et al., 1984), Eriococcidae (Viggiani, 1990; Andriescu & Mitroiu, 2004), Kermesidae (OILB, 1971), Pseudococcidae (Baur, 2005), Psyllidae (Olszak & Jaworska, 2003); Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae (Koehler, 1967); Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae (Benedek, 1969), Tortricidae (Thompson, 1958), Yponomeutidae (Huang et al., 2012). In Morocco, according to labels on the specimens placed at RBINS, Belgium, this species was obtained on the larvae of Chilocorus bipustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinelledae) (pers. obs., 2018).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Peridesmia Förster, 1856

Peridesmia discus (Walker, 1835)

Distribution in Morocco. 10 km from Kénitra (bifurcation of Tangier Road and Sidi Kacem), 1 ♂, 31.I.1962 (Delucchi, 1962b: 18).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Burks, 1979; Bouček, 1977; Mitroiu, 2007).

General distribution. United States of America and Palaearctic Region.

Genus Plutothrix Förster, 1856*

Plutothrix sp.*

Distribution in Morocco. Mamora (Oued Tiflet), 11.XI.1933, cited as Trigonoderus sp., near T. acuminatus (Thomson, 1878) (Jourdan & Rungs, 1934: 213).

Insects hosts. In Morocco, this specimen was collected by rearing larvae of Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794) (= Scardia boleti Fabricius, 1798) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) living on the polypore of Inonotus tamaricis (Pat.) Maire (= Xanthochrous tamariscis Pat.) (Hymenochaetaceae) (Jourdan & Rungs, 1934).

Genus Pseudocatolaccus Masi, 1908

Pseudocatolaccus nitescens (Walker, 1834)

Distribution in Morocco. A few kilometers from the mouth of Oued Cherrat, 1 ♀, 7.IV.1961; Haouta el Kasdir, 1850 m, 15 km south-east of Chauen, Jebala, 1 ♀, between 4. and 11.VII.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 18); Rabat, 1 ♀, 27.XII.1992 (Vago, 2002: 97).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Bruchidae, Curculionidae (Herting, 1973); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Graham, 1969; Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1992; Askew et al., 2001; Vago, 2006).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Pteromalus Swederus, 1795

Pteromalus bifoveolatus Förster, 1861

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, syntypes, 3 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, MCHN (Graham, 1969: 490).

Insects hosts. Lepidoptera: Erebidae (Bouček, 1966, 1977), Lasiocampidae (Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999), Notodontidae (Thompson, 1958), Saturniidae (Öncüer, 1991; Graham, 1969; Dzhanokmen, 1978).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Pteromalus chrysos Walker, 1836

Distribution in Morocco. Maâmora (Villemant & Fraval, 1993: 94); same locality; Zaër Forest (De Lépiney & Mimeur, 1932: 56); Maamora forest; Machraâ El Kettane; Bled Dendoun (De Lépiney, 1927: 161); Aïn Kahla; Azrou; Ras-Al-Ma (Mouna, 2013: 9).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae (Haeselbarth, 1989); Diptera: Tephritidae (Thompson, 1958); Hymenoptera: Diprionidae (Herting, 1977), Tenthredinidae (Haeselbarth, 1983); Lepidoptera: Arctiidae, Gracillariidae (Vidal, 1997), Erebidae (Bouček, 1977), Gelechiidae (Vidal, 1993), Geometridae (Haeselbarth, 1985), Notodontidae (Graham, 1969), Pieridae (Herting, 1976, 1977), Tortricidae (Herting, 1975), Yponomeutidae (OILB, 1971). This species was obtained in Morocco as part of the parasitoid complex of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) (De Lépiney, 1927; Villemant & Fraval, 1993). Also, it was obtained as a secondary parasitoid of Acleris undulana and Dichelia numidicola Chambon, 1990 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Pteromalus delvarei Vago, 2002

Distribution in Morocco. Road Ouarzazate-Errachidia, 30 km W Goulmima, holotype ♀, 28.V.1992; road Ouarzazate-Errachidia, 30 km W Goulmima, allotype ♂, 28.V.1992, Road Ouarzazate-Errachidia, 30 km W Goulmima, paratypes 6 ♀♀, 28.V.1992; Ouarzazate-Errachidia Road, 31 km E Goulmima, 4 ♀♀, 28.V.1992; Ouarzazate-Errachidia Road, 31 km E Goulmima, 2 ♂♂, 28.V.1992 (Vago, 2002: 102).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Endemic species of Morocco.

Pteromalus lixi (Sarra, 1924)

Distribution in Morocco. Doukkala, Haouz, Moulouya, Gharb, Kénitra, Tadla Loukkos, Tangier, Tetouan (Brémond, 1938: 8).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Cerambycidae (Bin, 1973), Curculionidae (Herting, 1973; Isart, 1970). In Morocco, this species has been observed to contribute to the reduction of Lixus juncii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attacking sugar beet Beta vulgaris Linnaeus, 1753 (Chenopodiaceae) (Brémond, 1938).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region (Spain, Italy and Morocco).

Pteromalus platyphilus Walker, 1874*

Distribution in Morocco. Morocco, 1 ♀ (NMBE) (Baur 2527), Z. Bouček det. in 1996 (Baur, 2015: 57).

Insects hosts. Hemiptera: Aphididae (Öncüer, 1991) and Araneae: Dictynidae (Bouček, 1977; Askew et al., 2001; Dzhanokmen, 2001).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758)*

Distribution in Morocco. Taroudant region; south of Agadir; Oued Souss (Stefanescu et al., 2011: 20, 24); Tadla; Béni Moussa; Béni Amer; Demnat; Azilal; Nador; Oujda; Figuig (Le Gall, 1961: 88, 93; De Lépiney & Mimeur, 1932: 61); Meknes; Azrou; Marrakech; Marrakech: high valley of the Reraia; Imintanout; Safi; Essaouira; Rabat; Maâmora forest; Tangier; Errachidia; Erfoud; Midelt; Rissani (De Lépiney & Mimeur, 1932: 61, 68; Jourdan & Rungs, 1934: 213); Douïet, 14.VI.2001, S. Amazouz leg. (CIRAD) (Delvare, com. pers., 2019).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Bruchidae (Herting, 1973), Curculionidae (Gibson et al., 2006); Diptera: Chloropidae (Thompson, 1958); Hemiptera, Diaspididae (OILB, 1971); Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Askew & Shaw, 1997), Cynipidae (Tudor & Căruntu, 1980), Sphecidae, Vespidae (Peck, 1963); Lepidoptera: Arctiidae (Gospodinov, 1963), Coleophoridae (Peck, 1963), Erebidae, Geometridae, Hesperiidae, Lasiocampidae (Burks, 1979), Lycaenidae (Ahmed, 1995), Noctuidae (Herting, 1976; Vidal, 1993), Notodontidae (Thompson, 1958), Nymphalidae (Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999; Mitroiu, 2001), Papilionidae (Graham, 1969), Pieridae (Bouček, 1961; Herting, 1976), Psychidae (Burks, 1979), Saturniidae (Herting, 1976), Tortricidae (Herting, 1975), Yponomeutidae (Ru & Workman, 1979), Zygaenidae (Askew, 1970; Askew & Shaw, 1997). In Morocco, this species was obtained on Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitising Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) feeding on Brassica oleracea Linnaeus, 1753 (Brassicaceae) (Delvare, com. pers., 2019).

General distribution. Australian, Indo-Malay, Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic Regions.

Pteromalus ridens Vago, 2002

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, ♀ Holotype, 26.XII.1992, ♂ Allotype, 26.XII.1992, 2 ♂ Paratype, 26XII.1992 (Vago, 2002: 100).

Hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Endemic species of Morocco.

Pteromalus semotus (Walker, 1834)*

Distribution in Morocco. Province of Tata: Tichekji, 29°54′36″N 8°31′48″W; Region of Souss-Massa: Sidi Moulay Cherif 30°39′36″N 6°33′36″W; Taroudant, 30°29′24″N 8°51′32″W (Stefanescu et al., 2012: 91).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Anobiidae (Herting, 1973), Apionidae (Graham, 1969), Chrysomelidae (Miczulski, 1994), Curculionidae (Öncüer, 1991); Hymenoptera: Diprionidae (Graham, 1969); Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae (Bouček, 1988), Erebidae (Herting, 1976), Gelechiidae (Vidal, 1993; Askew et al., 2001), Geometridae (Haeselbarth, 1985), Gracillariidae (Gorksa-Drabik & Napiorkowlik-Kowalik, 2009), Lyonetiidae (Haeselbarth, 1989), Noctuidae (Kamijo, 1982), Notodontidae, Pieridae (Thompson, 1958; Herting, 1976, 1977), Tischeriidae (Gorksa-Drabik & Napiorkowlik-Kowalik, 2009), Tortricidae (Graham, 1991), Yponomeutidae (OILB, 1971; Baur, 2005), Zygaenidae (Graham, 1969). In Morocco, this species was obtained as secondary parasitoids of painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (Stefanescu et al, 2012).

General distribution. India, Mexico, New Zealand and Palaearctic Region.

Pteromalus vibulenus (Walker, 1839)*

Distribution in Morocco. Aïn Kahla, Azrou, Ras El Ma (Mouna, 2013: 9, 76).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae (Haeselbarth, 1989), Curculionidae (Vidal, 1993); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Askew et al., 2006); Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae (Vidal, 1993), Pieridae (Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999), Pyralidae, Tortricidae, Zygaenidae (Graham, 1969). In Morocco, this species has been reported as a parasitoid of caterpillars and pupae of Acleris undulana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Mouna, 2013).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Rhaphitelus Walker, 1834*

Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834*

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, 20.IV 1935, Brémond leg. (Rungs, 1936: 19); Tafrouat region: Douar Aguer-Oudad; Tasserirt, 1981 (Benazoun, 1988: 96).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Peck, 1963; Herting, 1973); Lepidoptera: Cossidae (Tawfik & Ramadan, 2006). In Morocco, this species was obtained from Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (Benazzoun, 1988). Also, this species was noted as a parasite of Scolytus rugulosus (Müller, 1818) (= Eccoptogaster rugulosus Ratzeburg, 1837 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) whose larvae feed in peach wood (Rungs, 1936).

General distribution. Australian, Indo-Malay, Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic Regions.

Genus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg, 1848*

Roptrocerus aff. brevicornis Thomson, 1878*

Distribution in Morocco. Bir Charef, 24.IV.1991, P. Graf leg. (CIRAD) (Delvare, com. pers., 2019).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Herting, 1972, Bouček, 1977, Vidal, 1993). In Morocco, this species was reared on Pityogenes sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (Delvare, com. pers., 2019).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg, 1844)*

Distribution in Morocco. Oued Cherrate, 13.IX.1991, D. Ghaioule leg. (CIRAD) (Delvare, com. pers., 2019).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Herting, 1972; Grissell, 1979; Kamijo, 1981; Mendel, 1986; Fry, 1989; Hougardy & Gregoire, 2001). In Morocco, this species was reared on Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Delvare, com. pers., 2019).

General distribution. Australia, India, Neotropical and Palaearctic Regions.

Genus Sedma Bouček, 1991

Sedma dispar Bouček, 1991

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, ♂, 17.VII.1991, J.L. Vago leg. (Vago, 2002: 98).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Palaearctic Region (France, Greece, Spain and Morocco).

Genus Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811

Sphegigaster aff. cuscutae Ferrière, 1959*

Distribution in Morocco. Region of Fez, region of Meknes, many individuals ♀ and ♂ (Klein, 1995, abstract only).

reMarks. The specimens have affinities with Sphegigaster cuscutae Ferrière with some differences. This is probably a new species for science according to Dr. O. Klein and was obtained as a parasitoid on Orobanche crenata Forsskål, O. aegyptiaca Persoon and O. foetida (Poiret) (Orobanchaceae) (Klein, 1995).

Sphegigaster stepicola Bouček, 1965

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, ♀, 17.VII.1991 (Vago, 2002: 99).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Agromyzidae (Graham, 1969; Farooqi & Subba Rao, 1986; Andriescu & Mitroiu, 2001; Ghahari & Huang, 2012).

General distribution. Ethiopia, India and Palaearctic Region.

Genus Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946

Stenomalina gracilis (Walker, 1834)

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, ♀, 11.VIII.1983 (Vago, 2002: 99).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Gibson et al., 2006); Diptera: Agromyzidae (Vidal, 1993; Askew et al., 2001), Calliphoridae (Herting, 1978), Cecidomyiidae (Ghahari et al., 2010), Chloropidae (Dzhanokmen, 1978), Tephritidae (Vidal, 1997); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Mitroiu, 2001); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae (Herting, 1975).

General distribution. Canada and Palaearctic Region.

Genus Stenoselma Delucchi, 1956

Stenoselma nigrum Delucchi, 1956

Distribution in Morocco. Coastal and sub costal region between Rabat and Casablanca, many individuals ♂ and ♀: Bouznika, VI.1960, 5.IV1961; Sidi Bettache, 21.II.1961; Oued Cherrat, 17.IV1961; Rabat, 29.III.1961 (Delucchi, 1962: 122); Rabat, 2 ♀, 22.IV1992; ♀, 27.VII.1993; ♀, 29.IV1992; ♂, 21.XII.1992; ♀, 26.XII.1992; Skhirate, ♀, 26.VII.1991 (Vago, 2002: 99).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Buprestidae (Askew et al., 2001); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Vidal, 1993); Lepidoptera: Sesiidae (Garrido Torres & Nieves-Aldrey, 1999).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Stinoplus Thomson, 1878

Stinoplus etearchus (Walker, 1848)

Distribution in Morocco. Rabat, ♂, 29.IV 1992 (Vago, 2002: 99).

Insects hosts. Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Dzhanokmen, 1978; Askew et al., 2006).

General distribution. Australia, New Zealand, and Palaearctic Region.

Genus Syntomopus Walker, 1833*

Syntomopus thoracicus Walker, 1833*

Distribution in Morocco. North-west plain of Gharb: Lalla Mmouna (between Souk el Arba of Gharb and El Ksar el Kbir, 1 ♀, 15.II.1961 (Delucchi, 1962a: 122).

Insects hosts. Diptera: Agromyzidae (Graham, 1969; Andriescu & Mtroiu, 2001).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Genus Toxeumorpha Girault, 1915

Toxeumorpha nigricola Ferrière, 1936

Distribution in Morocco. Morocco (Bouček & Rasplus, 1991: 48).

Insects hosts. Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae (Thompson, 1958), Tortricidae (Bouček, 1976).

General distribution. Afrotropical Region, Canary Islands, Madeira and Morocco.

Genus Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913

Trichomalopsis hemiptera (Walker, 1835)

Distribution in Morocco. Morocco (Herting, 1975: 178)

Insects hosts. Diptera: Anthomyiidae (Bouček, 1961), Cecidomyiidae (Graham, 1969), Chloropidae (Legner et al., 1966); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Herting, 1977); Lepidoptera: Arctiidae (Herting, 1978), Erebidae (Peck, 1963), Noctuidae, Pieridae (Herting, 1976), Pyralidae, Yponomeutidae (Herting, 1975).

General distribution. New Zealand, Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palearctic Region.

Trichomalopsis microptera (Lindeman, 1887)

Distribution in Morocco. Morocco (Herting, 1978: 24-25).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae (Haeselbarth, 1989); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (Dzhanokmen, 1978), Chloropidae (Thompson, 1958).

General distribution. United States of America and Palaearctic Region.

Genus Trichomalus Thomson, 1878

Trichomalus bracteatus (Walker, 1935)*

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir, 1 850 m, in Jebala, 15 km SE of Chauen, 1 ♀, between 4 and 11.VII.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 18).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Thompson, 1958); Hymenoptera: Cynipidae (Herting, 1977; Nieves-Aldrey et al., 2007).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Trichomalus campestris (Walker, 1834)*

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir, 1 850 m, in Jebala, 15 km S of Chauen, 30 ♂ and ♀, between 4. and 11.VII.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 18).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Apionidae (OILB, 1971; Askew et al., 2001), Curculionidae (Müller et al., 2007).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Trichomalus gynetelus (Walker, 1935)*

Distribution in Morocco. Haouta el Kasdir 1 850 m, 15 km southeast of Chauen in Jebala, 1 ♀, between 4. and 11.VII.1961 (Delucchi, 1962b: 19).

Insects hosts. Coleoptera: Apionidae (Askew et al., 2001), Curculionidae (Müller et al., 2007).

General distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Trichomalus sufflatus Delucchi, 1962

Distribution in Morocco. Gharb, Tangier Road between Kénitra and Souk el Tleta; ♀, 6.IV.1961; Haouta el Kasdir 1 850 m, 15 km south-east of Chauen in Jebala, ♀ paratype, 4.-11. VII.1961; Holotype and 4 Paratypes in Delucchi's collection (Delucchi, 1962b: 19).

Insects hosts. Unknown.

General distribution. Endemic to Morocco.

 Discussion

In Morocco, Pteromalidae is the most diverse family of Chalcidoidea with 117 binomial species divided into 71 genera placed in 11 subfamilies: Asaphinae (2 genera /3 species), Cerocephalinae (2 genera /2 species), Cleonyminae (4 genera /6 species), Eunotinae (2 genera /4 species), Macromesinae (1 genus/1 species), Miscogastrinae (5 genera /5 species), Ormocerinae (1 genus/1 species), Pireninae (2 genera/ 1 species), Spalangiinae (1 genus/7 species), Sycoryctinae (1 genus /1 species) (Part I) and the most diverse Pteromalinae (50 genera /86 species) (Fig. 1). Of these 10 species are endemic to Morocco.

Genera and species diversity of each subfamily of Pteromalidae in Morocco.

Fig. 1.— Diversidad de géneros y especies de las subfamilias de Pteromalidae en Marruecos.

Among the Pteromalinae fauna, 9 species were collected and identified for the first time in Morocco: Cratomus megacephalus (Fabricius, 1793), Dinarmoides spilopterus Masi, 1924, Dinarmus basalis (Rondani, 1877), Homoporus fulviventris (Walker, 1835), Mesopopobus amaenus Walker, 1834, Mesopolobus gemellus Baur and Muller, 2007, Mesopolobus nobilis (Walker, 1834), Nasonia vitripennis Walker, 1836 and Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren, 1872); and 4 previously unreported species were found to be deposited in various natural history museums: Metacolus unifasciatus Förster, 1856, Pachyneuron muscarum (Linnaeus, 1758), Roptrocerus aff. brevicornis Thomson, Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg, 1844).

However, by comparison with the catalogue of Noyes (2020), the entomofauna of Pteromalidae has been increased for Morocco by 1 subfamily, 19 genera and 29 species that we found in bibliography but have never been catalogued as Moroccan chalcids. In addition, we have identified at least 2 species that are probably new for science: Erythromalus sp., and Gastrancistrus aff. vagans Westwood, 1833. If confirmed, their descriptions will be published in a later paper. However, a list composed of all the genera and species recorded in Morocco so far are presented in the Appendix.

Knowing that Morocco is one of the world's hotspots (Secretary of State for the Environment Morocco, 2009), despite the fact that entomological studies are rare, this research is of considerable importance in providing information that helps researchers discover, maintain and act to protect the country's biodiversity and environment. These insects play an important role in the biological control of serious agricultural and forest pests and many of them are employed successfully in biological control programs all over the world (Bouček & Rasplus, 1991; Sureshan & Narendran, 2003). For this reason, determining the species diversity in different regions of Morocco and their conservation are necessary. In this sense the present research has been carried out and should serve as a pilot study that could be extended to other parts of the kingdom.

 Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr Gérard Delvare (CIRAD, Montpellier, France) for identification and validation of the species, and also for his great hospitality and sharing his expertise in Chalcidoidea taxonomy during the training of Ms. Khadija Kissayi during her stay at CIRAD. Our sincere thanks go to Mrs. Claire Villemant, responsible for the collection of Hymenoptera at the Museum of Natural History in Paris (France), and Wouter Dekoninck curator of collection, Museum of the Royal Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels (Belgium) for his great hospitality and for facilitating Mrs. Khadija Kissayi's consultations on Hymenoptera in the museums. Also, our thanks go to the peer-reviewers for the critical reading of this work.

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Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , 26 (1): 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1979.tb02905.x Zinna, G. , 1960 . Esperimenti di lotta biologica contro. II. Cotonello degli agrumi (Pseudococcus citri (Risso)) del isola di Procida mediante l'impiego di du parassiti esotica, Pauridia peregrina Timb. e Leptomastix dactylopii How . Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’, Portici , 18 : 257-284. Zelenev, N.N. , 1974 . The polyphagic parasite of cocoons of forest pests . Zashchita Rasteniy, Moskva , 1974 (9 ): 47 47. Appendix.— List of all genera and species of Pteromalidae present in Morocco (*: found in literature and in museums visited but never previously cataloged; **: newly identified).

Apéndice.— Lista de los géneros y especies de Pteromalidae presentes en Marruecos (*: citas bibliográficas y ejemplares de museos visitados pero nunca antes catalogados; **: recién identificados).

Subfamily Asaphinae Ashmead, 1904

Genus Asaphes Walker, 1834

Asaphes suspensus (Nees, 1834)

Asaphes vulgaris Walker, 1834

Genus Hyperimerus Girault, 1917*

Hyperimerus pusillus Walker, 1833*

Subfamily Cerocephalinae Gahan, 1946

Genus Cerocephala Westwood, 1832*

Cerocephala eccoptogastri Masi, 1921*

Genus Theocolax Westwood, 1832

Theocolax elegans (Westwood, 1874)

Subfamily Cleonyminae Walker, 1837

Genus Cleonymus Latreille, 1809

Cleonymus laticornis Walker, 1837

Cleonymus longigaster Mitroiu, 2019**

Genus Heydenia Förster, 1856*

Heydenia pretiosa Förster, 1856*

Genus Notanisus Walker, 1837

Notanisus oulmesiensis (Delucchi, 1962)

Notanisus versicolor Walker, 1837**

Genus Oodera Westwood, 1874

Oodera circularicollis Werner & Peters, 2018

Subfamily Eunotinae Ashmead, 1904

Genus Moranila Cameron, 1883*

Moranila californica (Howard, 1881)*

Genus Scutellista Motschulsky, 1859

Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe, 1832)

Scutellista nigra Mercet, 1910*

Scutellista obscura (Förster, 1878)*

Subfamily Macromesinae Graham, 1959

Genus Macromesus Walker, 1848

Macromesus africanus Ghesquière, 1963

Subfamily Miscogastrinae Walker, 1833

Genus Ammeia Dellucchi, 1962

Ammeia pulchella (Delucchi, 1962)

Genus Halticoptera Spinola, 1811*

Halticoptera sp.*

Genus Harrizia Delucchi, 1962

Harrizia mira Delucchi, 1962

Genus Miscogaster Walker, 1833

Miscogaster elegans Walker, 1833*

Miscogaster maculata (Walker, 1833)**

Genus Rhicnocoelia Graham, 1956

Rhicnocoelia impar (Walker, 1836)

Subfamily Ormocerinae Walker, 1833

Genus Systasis Walker, 1834

Systasis encyrtoides Walker, 1834

Subfamily Pireninae Haliday, 1844**

Genus Gastrancistrus Westwood, 1833**

Gastrancistrus aff. vagans Westwood, 1833**

Genus Macroglenes Westwood, 1832

Macroglenes chalybeus (Haliday, 1833)

Subfamily Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820

Genus Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881)

Genus Caenocrepis Thomson, 1878

Caenocrepis arenicola (Thomson, 1878)

Genus Callitula Spinola 1811*

Callutila bicolor Spinola, 1811*

Genus Catolaccus Thomson, 1878

Catolaccus crassiceps (Masi, 1911)

Genus Cecidostiba Thomson, 1878*

Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785)*

Genus Cheiropachus Westwood, 1829

Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787)

Genus Coelopisthia Förster, 1856*

Coelopisthia extenta (Walker, 1835)*

Genus Conomorium Masi, 1924

Conomorium patulum (Waker, 1835)

Conomorium pityocampae Graham 1992*

Genus Cratomus Dalman, 1820**

Cratomus megacephalus (Fabricius, 1793)**

Genus Cyclogastrella Bukovskii, 1938

Cyclogastrella clypealis Bouček, 1965

Cyclogastrella simplex (Walker, 1834)

Genus Cyrtogaster Walker, 1833

Cyrtogaster vulgaris Walker, 1833

Genus Cyrtoptyx Delucchi, 1956

Cyrtoptyx lichtensteini (Masi, 1921)

Genus Dibrachoides Kurdjumov, 1913

Dibrachoides dynastes (Förster, 1841)

Genus Dibrachys Förster, 1856

Dibrachys affinis Masi, 1907

Dibrachys lignicola Graham, 1969

Dibrachys microgastri (Gordh, 1981)

Genus Dinarmoides Masi, 1924**

Dinarmoides spilopterus Masi, 1924**

Genus Dinarmus Thomson, 1878

Dinarmus acutus (Thomson, 1878)

Dinarmus basalis (Rondani, 1877)**

Genus Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946*

Dinotiscus eupterus (Walker, 1836)*

Genus Erythromalus Graham, 1956**

Erythromalus nov. sp.**

Genus Fedelia Delucchi, 1962

Fedelia nebulosa Delucchi, 1962

Genus Hobbya Delucchi, 1957*

Hobbya stenonota (Ratzeburg, 1848)*

Genus Homoporus Thomson, 1878

Homoporus budensis Erdös, 1953*

Homoporus destructor (Say, 1817)

Homoporus fulviventris (Walker, 1835)*

Homoporus gibbiscuta (Thomson, 1878)*, **

Homoporus nypsius (Walker, 1839)

Homoporus rungsi Delucchi, 1962

Homoporus silvanus Delucchi, 1962

Homoporus sucinus Delucchi, 1962

Genus Ischyroptyx Delucchi, 1956

Ischyroptyx ligusticus (Masi, 1921)

Genus Lariophagus Crawford, 1909

Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster, 1841)

Genus Meraporus Walker, 1834

Meraporus graminicola Walker, 1834

Genus Merisus Walker, 1933*

Merisus splendidus Walker, 1834*

Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833

Mesopopobus amaenus Walker, 1834*

Mesopolobus diffinis (Walker, 1834)*

Mesopolobus gemellus Baur & Muller, 2007*

Mesopolobus incultus (Walker, 1834)

Mesopolobus morys (Walker, 1848)*

Mesopolobus nobilis (Walker, 1834)**

Mesopolobus spermotrophus Hussey, 1960*

Mesopolobus teliformis (Walker, 1834)*

Mesopolobus tibialis (Westwood, 1833)*

Mesopolobus xanthocerus (Thomson, 1878)*

Genus Metacolus Förster, 1856*

Metacolus unifasciatus Förster, 1856*

Genus Muscidifurax Girault & Sanders, 1910

Muscidifurax raptor Giraud & Sanders, 1910

Genus Nasonia Ashmead, 1904*

Nasonia vitripennis Walker, 1836*

Genus Norbanus Walker, 1843

Norbanus cerasiops (Masi, 1922)

Genus Notoglyptus Masi, 1917

Notoglyptus scutellaris (Dodd & Girault, 1915)

Genus Novitzkyanus Bouček, 1861

Novitzkyanus cryptogaster Bouček, 1961

Genus Oxysychus Delucchi, 1956

Oxysychus regnieri (Masi, 1934)

Genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904

Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875)

Genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833

Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché, 1834)

Pachyneuron coccorum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Pachyneuron formosum Walker, 1833

Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren, 1872)*

Pachyneuron muscarum (Linnaeus, 1758)*

Genus Peridesmia Förster, 1856

Peridesmia discus (Walker, 1835)

Genus Plutothris Förster, 1856*

Plutothrix sp.*

Genus Pseudocatolaccus Masi, 1908

Pseudocatolaccus nitescens (Walker, 1834)

Genus Pteromalus Swederus, 1795

Pteromalus bifoveolatus Förster, 1861

Pteromalus chrysos Walker, 1836

Pteromalus delvarei Vago, 2002

Pteromalus lixi (Sarra, 1924)

Pteromalus platyphilus Walker, 1874*

Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758)*

Pteromalus ridens Vago, 2002

Pteromalus semotus (Walker, 1834)*

Pteromalus vibulenus (Walker, 1839)*

Genus Rhaphitelus Walker, 1834

Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834*

Genus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg, 1848*

Roptrocerus aff. brevicornis Thomson, 1878*

Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg, 1844)*

Genus Sedma Bouček, 1991

Sedma dispar Bouček, 1991

Genus Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811

Sphegigaster aff. cuscutae Ferrière, 1959*

Sphegigaster stepicola Bouček, 1965

Genus Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946

Stenomalina gracilis (Walker, 1834)

Genus Stenoselma Delucchi, 1956

Stenoselma nigrum Delucchi, 1956

Genus Stinoplus Thomson, 1878

Stinoplus etearchus (Walker, 1848)

Genus Syntomopus Walker, 1833*

Syntomopus thoracicus Walker, 1833*

Genus Toxeumorpha Girault, 1915

Toxeumorpha nigricola (Ferrière, 1936)

Genus Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913

Trichomalopsis hemiptera (Walker, 1835)

Trichomalopsis microptera (Lindeman, 1887)

Genus Trichomalus Thomson, 1878

Trichomalus bracteatus (Walker, 1935)*

Trichomalus campestris (Walker, 1834)*

Trichomalus gynetelus (Walker, 1935)*

Trichomalus sufflatus Delucchi, 1962

Subfamily Spalangiinae Haliday, 1833

Genus Spalangia Latreille, 1805

Spalangia cameroni Perkins, 1910

Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead, 1887

Spalangia endius Walker, 1839

Spalangia fuscipes Nees, 1834

Spalangia gemina Bouček, 1963*

Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, 1839

Spalangia subpunctata Förster, 1850

Subfamily Sycoryctinae Wiebes, 1966

Genus Philotrypesis Förster, 1878

Philotrypesis caricae (Linnaeus, 1762)