A CHECKLİST OF FAMILY BEMBICIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA) FROM TUNISIA
Abstract
A checklist of family Bembicidae from Tunisia is compiled based on data available in the literature, new material collected from different localities in Tunisia between 2017 and 2019, and some specimens hosted in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. As a result, 49 species and two subspecies in 16 genera of the family Bembicidae are recorded. Two genera: Psammaecius Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1832, and Brachystegus A. Costa, 1859, are reported in this study for the first time. This is in addition to nine species and subspecies: Alysson ratzeburgi Dahlbom, 1843, Psammaecius eremorum de Beaumont, 1952, Stizoides klugii (F. Smith, 1856), Stizus fuscatus Morice, 1897, Stizus niloticus saharae Roth, 1934, Stizus pubescens arenarum Handlirsch, 1892, Stizus ruficornis strigatus Mochi, 1939, Stizus vespoides (Walker, 1871) and Brachystegus braueri (Handlirsch, 1887) that are new for the Tunisian fauna. New localities are also reported for several species and subspecies that had already been reported from Tunisia. Identified taxa are illustrated by digital photographs and their global and Tunisian distribution is presented.
Keywords: Hymenoptera; Bembicidae; distribution; checklist; new records; Tunisia.
Resumen
Un listado de la familia Bembicidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) de Túnez
Se recopila una lista de la familia Bembicidae en Túnez basada en los datos disponibles en la literatura, en nuevo material recolectado de diferentes localidades de Túnez entre 2017 y 2019, y algunos especímenes conservados en el Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, París, Francia. Como resultado, se registraron 49 especies y dos subespecies en 16 géneros de la familia Bembicidae. Dos géneros: Psammaecius Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1832 y Brachystegus A. Costa, 1859 se reportan en este estudio por primera vez. Esto se suma a nueve especies y subespecies: Alysson ratzeburgi Dahlbom, 1843, Psammaecius eremorum de Beaumont, 1952, Stizoides klugii (F. Smith, 1856), Stizus fuscatus Morice, 1897, Stizus niloticus saharae Roth, 1934, Stizus pubescens arenarum Handlirsch, 1892, Stizus ruficornis strigatus Mochi, 1939, Stizus vespoides (Walker, 1871) y Brachystegus braueri (Handlirsch, 1887) que son nuevas para la fauna tunecina. También se han encontrado nuevas localidades para varis especies y subespecies, que ya habían sido reportadadas de Túnez. Los taxones identificados se ilustran mediante fotografías digitales y se presenta su distribución global y en Túnez.
Palabras clave: Hymenoptera; Bembicidae; paladistribuciónbra; listado; nuevos registros; Túnez.
Introduction[Up]
Bembicidae is a family of Spheciformes wasps; it is considered as a separate family within the superfamily Apoidea according to Sann et al. (2018, 2021). It includes 1694 species and subspecies belonging to 81 genera (Puławski, 2021); almost 25% of these species inhabit the Palearctic region (Nemkov, 2017). Generally, members of this family are small to large wasps nesting in sandy areas and hence they are collectively referred to as “sand wasps”. The majority of them have hunting behavior except for Nysson Latreille, 1802 species, which are cleptoparasites (Bohart & Menke, 1976). Faunistic and systematic studies dealing with genera in this family date back to the studies of Handlirsch, who described 15 genera between 1887 and 1895, including nine genera from the Palaearctic region (Bitsch et al., 1997). In this region, many studies have dealt with different genera, including de Beaumont (1953, 1954), who revised Gorytes Latreille, 1805 and Bembecinus A. Costa, 1859. More recently, Schmid-Egger (2004, 2005, 2019) studied genera Bembecinus, Olgia Radoszkowski 1877andAmmatomus A. Costa, 1859. These and other previous studies (Costa, 1893a, 1893b; Schulz, 1905; Smits van Bürgst, 1913a, 1913b; von Schulthess, 1926) provided some records from Tunisia, but a detailed study about the Tunisian fauna of this family is not available. The present paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the Bembicidae fauna in Tunisia; it is a continuation of previous studies (Ben Khedher et al., 2019, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, 2020d, 2020e, 2021a, 2021b) dealing with Spheciformes wasps in Tunisia.
Material and methods[Up]
To compile a checklist of Bembicidae species in Tunisia, we used available data in the literature and newly collected material. Newly captured specimens were collected from different regions in Tunisia by sweep netting during the spring and summer seasons from 2017 to 2019. Specimens of Tunisian origin hosted in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) were also examined.
Identification of specimens was done by the first author following mainly Guichard (1989a, 1989b), Schmid-Egger (2004, 2005, 2019), and de Beaumont (1952). Identification was then confirmed by comparing with syntypes (Bembix galactina Dufour, 1854 and Stizus niloticus saharae Roth, 1934) and with other identified material hosted in MNHN. Some specimens were re-identified and confirmed by Dr. Toshko Ljubomirov (Bulgaria) (Ammatomus, Bembecinus, Bembix, Hoplisoides, and Olgia species) and by Dr. Christian Schmid-Egger (Germany) (Psammaecius). Published records from Tunisia and general distributions of all the species listed in this study were compiled in order to present updated distribution maps. The global distribution maps follow mainly Puławski (2021).
Digital photographs were taken by an integrated system composed of a Canon EOS 1100 DSLR digital camera and Helicon remote (Version 3.9.10 W) (MNHN-Paris). The digital images were labelled using Adobe Photoshop CS 6.
Identified materials are deposited in the private collection of the first author at the Laboratory of Entomology and Insect Ecology, Regional Research Centre for Horticulture and Organic Agriculture (CRRHAB) at Chott Meriem, Sousse, Tunisia, and in Atatürk University Biodiversity Science Museum (ABBM), Erzurum, Turkey.
The following abbreviations are used in this paper: m: meter; km: kilometer; V: May; VI: June; VII: July; VIII: August; IX: September; ♂: male; ♀: female; MNHN: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; CFPA: Professional Agricultural Training Center at Sbeitla- Kasserine; N: North; S: South; E: East; W: West; SW: SouthWest.
Results[Up]
In this study, a total of 49 species and two subspecies classified into 16 genera are listed. Two genera: Psammaecius Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1832, and Brachystegus A. Costa, 1859, and nine species and subspecies are newly recorded from Tunisia.
Fig. 1.— a,b. Alysson ratzeburgi (hembra: a. vista lateral; b. vista frontal); c-e. Bembix barbara (hembra: c. vista dorsal; d. vista ventral; e. vista lateral); f-h. Bembix galactina (hembra: f. vista dorsal; g. vista ventral; h. vista lateral); i-l. Bembix oculata (hembra: i. vista dorsal; macho: j. vista dorsal; k. vista ventral; l. vista lateral).
Fig. 2.— a-c. Olgia bensoni (hembra: a. vista dorsal; b. vista lateral; c. vista frontal); d-f. Hoplisoides punctuosus curtulus (hembra: d. vista frontal; e. vista dorsal; f. vista lateral); g-i. Psammaecius eremorum (hembra: g. vista frontal; h. vista dorsal; i. vista lateral).
Fig. 3.— a. Ammatomus mesostenus (macho: vista dorsal); b. Ammatomus asiaticus (hembra: vista dorsal); c-e. Bembecinus mattheyi (hembra: c. vista dorsal; d. vista lateral; e. vista frontal); f-h. Bembecinus tridens (macho: f. vista dorsal; g. vista lateral; h. vista frontal); i-k. Brachystegus braueri (macho: i. vista dorsal; j. vista lateral; k. vista frontal).
Fig. 4.— a-c. Stizus niloticus saharae (macho: a. vista dorsal; b. vista lateral; c. vista frontal); d-f. Stizus pubescens arenarum (macho: d. vista dorsal; e. vista lateral; f. vista frontal); g-i. Stizus vespoides (hembra: g. vista dorsal; h. vista lateral; i. vista frontal).
Genus Alysson Panzer, 1806
Alysson picteti Handlirsch, 1895
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunis (Belvédère, Carthage) (Schmiedeknecht, 1900: 233), Tunis (Graeffe, 1906: 455), Tunis (Belvédère) (von Schulthess, 1926: 215).
General distribution. Algeria, Tunisia (Puławski, 2021).
Alysson ratzeburgi Dahlbom, 1843
Material examined. Ben Arous, Hammam Lif, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (J. de Gaulle Collection, MNHN).
Remark. This species is newly recorded from Tunisia.
General distribution. Europe to Eastern Asia, Algeria (Puławski, 2021), Tunisia (present study).
Genus Ammatomus A. Costa, 1859
Ammatomus asiaticus (Radoszkowski, 1886)
(Fig. 3b)
Material examined. Mahdia, Sidi Alouane, Zelba, 35°13’48.8”N 10°51’30.1”E, 49 m, 1 ♀, 11.VIII.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Previous records from Tunisia. Gafsa, Kebili (E Kebili) (Schmid-Egger, 2019: 442).
General distribution. Israel, Kazakhstan, North Africa, Oman, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan (Puławski, 2021).
Ammatomus mesostenus (Handlirsh, 1888)
(Fig. 3a)
Material examined. Beja, Mjez Elbeb, South Mjez Elbeb, 36°38’14.7”N 9o 35’54.3”E, 53 m, 10 ♂♂, 15.VIII.2018, 9 ♂♂, 17.VIII.2018, Slouguia, 36°35’24.6”N 9°31’8.9”E, 60 m, 2 ♂♂, 17.VIII.2018, Testour, Chambou, 36°32’47.5”N 9°24’26”E, 81 m, 2 ♂♂, 16.VIII.2018, Elghanima, 36°33’8.8”N 9°23’35.2”E, 84 m, 1 ♂, 16.VIII.2018, Oued Jidra, 36°32’54.4”N 9°22’ 14.9”E, 100 m, 1 ♂, 16.VIII.2018; Sousse, Bouficha, Salloum, 36°18’12.3”N 10°28’29.1”E, 5 m, 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 11.IX.2017, Kalaa Kbira, Belaoum, 35°54’14.0”N, 10°23’37.5”E, 45 m, 1 ♂, 22.VII.2017 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Previous records from Tunisia. Jendouba (11 km S Jendouba, Oued Mellègue), Gafsa (Oasis) (Schmid-Egger, 2019: 444).
General distribution. Afghanistan, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, North Africa, Oman, Sudan, Turkmenistan (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Argogorytes Ashmead, 1899
Argogorytes fairmairei (Handlirsch, 1893)
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Smits van Burgst, 1913a: 319, 1913b: 6 as Gorytes fairmairei).
General distribution. North Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Bembecinus A. Costa, 1859
Bembecinus bernardi de Beaumont, 1954
Previous records from Tunisia. Gabes (Tamesrest W Matmata) (Schmid-Egger, 2009: 763).
General distribution. Algeria, Mauritania, Tunisia (Schmid-Egger, 2009).
Bembecinus discolor (Handlirsch, 1892)
Previous records from Tunisia. Tozeur (Tameghza) (Schmid-Egger, 2009: 760; Ben Khedher et al., 2019: 188).
General distribution. Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Yemen (Puławski, 2021).
Bembecinus fertoni (Handlirsch, 1908)
Previous records from Tunisia. Gabes (12 km W Matmata) (Schmid-Egger, 2004: 48).
General distribution. Algeria, Tunisia (Schmid-Egger, 2004).
Bembecinus gazagnairei (Handlirsch, 1892)
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunis (Graeffe, 1906: 455 as Stizus gazagnairei), Gafsa, Jendouba (15 km S Jendouba) (Schmid-Egger, 2004: 49).
General distribution. Algeria, Tunisia (Schmid-Egger, 2004).
Bembecinus mattheyi (de Beaumont, 1951)
Material examined. Tataouine, North Tataouine, Tataouine-Medenine km 38, 33°4’12.2”N 10°29’6.0”E, 163 m, 1 ♀, 11.V.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Previous records from Tunisia. Medenine (de Beaumont, 1954: 270).
General distribution. Libya, Morocco, Tunisia (Schmid-Egger, 2004).
Bembecinus mayri (Handlirsch, 1892)
Previous records from Tunisia. Bizerte (SW Bizerte, Lac Echkeul), Jendouba (40 km W Jendouba, Ain Soltan, Ain Draham) (Schmid-Egger, 2004: 55).
General distribution. Algeria, Tunisia (Schmid-Egger, 2004).
Bembecinus tridens (Fabricius, 1781)
Material examined. Kairouan, Sbikha, Aouled Mbarek, 35°57’21.9”N 10°8’18.1”E, 52 m, 1 ♂, 26.V.2017, Sisib, 35°57’20.8”N 10°8’22.0”E, 51 m, 1 ♂, 03.VIII.2017; Kasserine, Sbeitla, Athar, Oued Nakhil, 35°14’41.6”N 9°5’40.5”E, 562 m, 2 ♂♂, 04.IX.2018; Kebili, South Kebili, Errahmat, 33°39’1.8”N 8°58’27.4”E, 30 m, 1 ♀, 17.V.2018; Mahdia, Rejich, 35°26’35.8”N 11° 0’51.4”E, 3 m, 1 ♂, 18.IX.2018, Sidi Alouane, Lemsanaa, 35°19’44.5”N 10°54’51.3”E, 41 m, 1 ♂, 01.VI.2018; Sidi Bouzid, West Sidi Bouzid, Zaafria, 35°1’39.8”N 9°17’18.3”E, 394 m, 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 25.VII.2018, East Sidi Bouzid, Faidh, 35°4’0.4”N 9°40’29.1”E, 280 m, 2 ♂♂, 26.VII.2018; Sousse, Bouficha, Bir Elhaj Ammar, 36°18’34.8”N 10°25’4.4”E, 17 m, 1 ♀, 28.VII.2017, Kalaa Kbira, Belaoum, 35°54’14.0”N 10°23’37.5”E, 45 m, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 29.VII.2017; Tozeur, Chbika centre, 34°19’23.8”N 7°56’20.7”E, 175 m, 10 ♂♂, 27.VI.2018, Dguech, Elmanechi, 33°58’41.5”N 8°12’33.1”E, 63 m, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 29.VI.2018, Hamma Ejrid, 33°59’52.9”N 8°9’57.9”E, 52 m, 12 ♂♂, 27.VI.2018, Nefta, Nefta Corbeille, 33°51’0.0”N 7°51’ 52.4”E, 25 m, 1 ♂, 28.VI.2018, Nefta oasis, 33°52’39.1”N 7°52’34.9”E, 56 m, 2 ♂♂, 28.VI.2018, Temeghza, Cascade 1, 34°22’54.2”N 7°55’58.4”E, 270 m, 33 ♂♂, 27.VI.2018, Cascade 2, 34°22’34.0”N 7°54’42.7”E, 247 m, 10 ♂♂, 27.VI.2018, Tozeur centre, Elberka oasis, 33°55’1.0”N 8°8’23.3”E, 45 m, 2 ♂♂, 26.VI.2018, Tibebsa oasis,33°55’27.3”N8°8’44.5”E, 35 m, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 26.VI.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Previous records from Tunisia. Bizerte (SW Bizerte, Lac Ichkeul), Gabes (35 km N Gabes, 24 km S Gabes), Gafsa (Bou Hedma), Jendouba (Ain Draham, Tabarka), Kebili (Douz), Sfax (Skhira), Tozeur (15 km W Nefta) (Schmid-Egger, 2004: 36; Ben Khedher et al., 2019: 188).
General distribution. Palaearctic region, Oman (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Bembix Fabricius, 1775
Bembix arenaria Handlirsch, 1893
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Smits van Burgst, 1913a: 319, 1913b: 5 as Bembex arenaria).
General distribution. Egypt, Iran, Israel, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix barbara Handlirsch, 1893
Material examined. Kairouan, 5 ♀♀ (Santschi Collection, MNHN), 1 ♀ (J. de Gaulle Collection, MNHN); Mahdia, Eljem, Athamnia, 35°20’20.5’’N 10°46’54.3’’E 70 m, 2 ♀♀, 28.VIII.2019, Sidi Alouane, Lemsanaa, 35°19’44.5’’N 10°54’51.3’’E, 41 m, 1 ♀, 01.VI.2018.
Previous records from Tunisia. Ben Arous (Hammam Lif), Kairouan, Tunis (Carthage) (von Schulthess, 1926: 217 as Bembex barbara).
General distribution. North Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix chlorotica Spinola, 1839
Previous records from Tunisia. Kairouan, Tozeur (von Schulthess, 1926: 217 as Bembex chlorotica; Ben Khedher et al., 2019: 188).
General distribution. China, Jordan, North Africa, Saudi Arabia, Yemen (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix dahlbomii Handlirsch, 1893
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunis (Handlirsch, 1893: 806 as Bembex dahlbomii).
General distribution. Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Israel, Kuwait, North Africa, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix flavescens bolivari (Handlirsch, 1893)
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Handlirsch, 1893: 862 as Bembex bolivari).
General distribution. France, Italy, North Africa, Portugal, Spain, Western Sahara (Puławski, 2021).
Remark. This subspecies is known to occur in Europe. The status of this record from Tunisia and from North Africa in general needs to be clarified.
Bembix flavescens kittyae de Beaumont, 1957
Previous records from Tunisia. Sfax (Schulz, 1905: 65 as Bembex turca).
General distribution. Egypt, Libya, Tunisia (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix galactina Dufour, 1854
Material examined. Kairouan, 2 ♂♂ (Santschi Collection, MNHN); Kebili, Douz, West Douz, 33°27’4.1’’N 9°1’4.5’’E, 63 m, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 19.V.2018, South Kebili, Errahmat, 33°39’1.8”N 8°58’27.4”E, 30 m, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 18.V.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection); Sfax, 1 ♀ (Ducouret 57-56 Collection, MNHN), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (Vachal Collection, MNHN); Sidi Bouzid, Bouhedma National Park, 1 ♂ (Dumont Collection, MNHN); Tataouine, Ghomrasen, Ghordhab, 33°5’6.4”N 10°29’46.2”E, 159 m, 2 ♂♂, 07.V.2018, North Tataouine, Oued Tlelet, 33°2’41.8”N 10°28’24.0”E, 170 m, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 12.V.2018, Tataouine- Medenine km 38,33°4’12.2”N 10°29’6.0”E, 163 m, 2 ♂♂, 11.V.2018; Tozeur, Nefta, Nefta oasis, 33°52’39.1”N 7°52’34.9”E, 56 m, 1 ♀, 28.VI.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Previous records from Tunisia. Sfax (Schulz, 1905: 62 as Bembex galactina), Tozeur (von Schulthess, 1926: 217 as Bembex galactina; Ben Khedher et al., 2019: 188).
General distribution. North Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix integra Panzer, 1801
Previous records from Tunisia. Tozeur (von Schulthess, 1926: 218 as Bembex integra; Ben Khedher et al., 2019: 188).
General distribution. Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yemen (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix lusca Spinola, 1839
Previous records from Tunisia. Kairouan, Monastir (von Schulthess, 1926: 217 as Bembex lusca).
General distribution. North Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sudan (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix oculata Panzer, 1801
Material examined. Beja, Mjedz Elbeb, South Mjez Elbeb, 36°38’14.7”N 9o35’54.3”E, 53 m, 2 ♀♀, 15.VIII.2018, Slouguia, 36°35’24.6”N 9°31’8.9”E, 60 m, 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀, 17.VIII.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection), Teboursouk, 1 ♀ (J. de Gaulle Collection, MNHN), Testour, Chambou, 36°32’47.5”N 9°24’26”E, 81 m, 2 ♀♀, 16.VIII.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection); Kairouan, Chbika, Houareb, 35°32’42.2”N 9°45’7.3”E, 220 m, 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 29.VIII.2018, South Kairouan, Ragada, 35°34’46.2”N 10°3’6.1”E, 92 m, 2 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, 28.VIII.2018; Kasserine, Sbeitla, Athar, CFPA, 35°13’18.7”N 9°5’26.8”E, 560 m, 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 03.IX.2018, Oued Nakhil, 35°14’41.6”N 9°5’40.5”E, 562 m, 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 04.IX.2018, Route Fej Ettin, 35°13’20.7”N 9°5’58.7”E, 545 m, 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 05.IX.2018; Kebili, Douz, West Douz, 33°27’4.1”N 9°1’4.5”E, 63 m, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 19/V/2018; Mahdia, Ksour Essef, Alya, 35°19’26.5”N 11°2’32.6”E, 1 m, 2 ♂♂, 3.VIII.2018, Rejich, 35°26’35.8”N 11°0’51.4”E, 3 m, 10 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, 18.IX.2018, Sidi Alouane, Sidi Alouane 2, 35°22’4.4”N 10°55’16.3”E, 69 m, 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 09.VIII.2018, Oued Beja, 35°20’7.7”N 10°53’32.6”E, 55 m, 1 ♀, 28.VIII.2017, Oued Beja 2, 35°19’57.4”N 10°53’51.4”E, 49 m, 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 29.VIII.2017; Nabeul, Bouargoub, Sidi Dhaher, 36°32’40.7”N 10°33’13.5”E, 62 m, 1 ♂, 08.VI.2018, Zaouiet Jdidi centre, 36°37’44.5”N 10°34’2.0”E, 45 m, 1 ♀, 08.VI.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection); Sfax, Around Sfax city, 1♂,1 ♀ (Babault Collection, MNHN), 1 ♂ (Vachal Collection, MNHN), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (Ducouret 57-56 Collection, MNHN); Sousse, Akouda, Chott Meriem, Tantana, 35°55’17.7”N 10°34’7.8”E, 12 m, 1 ♀, 04.VIII.2017, Kalaa Kbira, Belaoum, 35°54’14.0”N 10°23’37.5”E, 45 m, 1 ♂, 29.VII.2017; Sidi Bouzid, East Sidi Bouzid, Elhachria, 34°53’56.2”N, 9°26’11.6”E, 326 m, 1 ♀, 24.VII.2018, Faidh, 35°4’0.4”N 9°40’29.1”E, 280 m, 1 ♀, 26.VII.2018, Lasouda, 35°5’27.8”N 9°33’40.1”E, 336 m, 1 ♂, 26.VII.2018, West Sidi Bouzid, Elnouamer, 35°1’27.1”N 9°29’39.9”E, 333 m, 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 23.VII.2018, Zaafria, 35°1’39.8”N 9°17’18.3”E, 394 m, 2 ♀♀, 25.VII.2018; Tataouine, North Tataouine, Tataouine - Medenine km 33, 33°4’12.2”N 10°29’6.0”E, 163 m, 4 ♂♂, 10.V.2018; Tozeur, Chbika centre, 34°19’23.8”N 7°56’20.7”E, 175 m, 3 ♀♀, 27.VI.2018, Dguech, Elmanechi, 33°58’41.5”N 8°12’33.1”E, 63 m, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 29.VI.2018, Hamma Ejrid, 33°59’52.9”N 8°9’57.9”E, 52 m, 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 27.VI.2018, Nefta, Nefta Corbeille, 33°51’0.0”N 7°51’52.4”E, 25 m, 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 28.VI.2018, Nefta oasis, 33°52’39.1”N 7°52’34.9”E, 56 m, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 28.VI.2018, Temeghza, Cascade 2, 34°22’34.0”N 7°54’42.7”E, 247 m, 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 27.VI.2018, Tozeur centre, Elberka oasis, 33°55’1.0”N 8°8’23.3”E, 45 m, 1 ♂, 26.VI.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection); Tunisia, 1♀ (Vachal Collection, MNHN).
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Smits van Bürgst, 1913a: 319, 1913b: 5 as Bembex oculata), Kairouan, Monastir, Tozeur (von Schulthess, 1926: 218 as Bembex oculata; Ben Khedher et al., 2019: 188).
General distribution. Eastern Asia to Pakistan and inner Mongolia, North Africa, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Southern Europe, United Arab Emirates (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix olivacea Fabricius, 1787
Material examined. Jendouba, Tabarka, 1 ♂ (M. Blanc Collection, MNHN).
Previous records from Tunisia. Bizerte (Porto Farina) (Fabricius, 1787: 285 as Bembex olivacea; de Beaumont, 1951: 272), Tunisia: no specific locality (Costa, 1893b: 6 as Bembex olivacea; Smits van Bürgst, 1913a: 319, 1913b: 5 as Bembex mediterranea).
General distribution. Mediterranean to Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix palaestinensis (Lohrmann, 1942)
Material examined. Medenine, Djerba, 1 ♀; Tunis, Marsa, 1 ♂, (A. Weiss Collection, MNHN).
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (de Beaumont & Bytinski-Salz, 1955: 44).
General distribution. Egypt, Israel, Tunisia (de Beaumont & Bytinski-Salz, 1955; Puławski, 2021).
Bembix rochei Guichard, 1989
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Guichard, 1989a: 147).
General distribution. Algeria, India, Mali, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates (Puławski, 2021).
Bembix rostrata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Previous records from Tunisia. Monastir (Ponte de Faes) (Graeffe, 1906: 455 as Bembex rostrata).
General distribution. Palaearctic region (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Brachystegus A. Costa, 1859
Brachystegus braueri (Handlirsch, 1887)
Material examined. Tunis, Around Tunis, 1 ♂ (M. Blanc Collection, MNHN).
Remark. This genus and species are newly recorded from Tunisia.
General distribution. Algeria, Israel, Morocco, Palestine (Puławski, 2021), Tunisia (present study).
Genus Gorytes Latreille, 1805
Gorytes quinquecinctus (Fabricius, 1793)
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Costa, 1893b: 8).
General distribution. Europe to Eastern Asia, North West Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Harpactus Shuckard, 1837
Harpactus laevis (Latreille, 1792)
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunis (Belvédère) (von Schulthess, 1926: 216).
General distribution. Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, North Africa, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Hoplisoides Gribodo, 1884
Hoplisoides punctuosus curtulus (A. Costa, 1893)
Material examined. Kairouan, Sbikha, Aouled Mbarek, 35°57’21.9”N 10°8’18.1”E, 52 m, 1 ♀, 25.V.2017 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Costa, 1893a: 100 as Gorytes curtulus; Handlirsch, 1895: 886 as Gorytes curtulus; de Beaumont, 1952: 222).
General distribution. North Africa (de Beaumont, 1952).
Hoplisoides gazagnairei Handlirsch, 1893
Previous records from Tunisia. Kairouan, Kasserine (Sbeitla) (von Schulthess, 1926: 216 as Gorytes gazagnairei), Tunisia: no specific locality (Mokrousov et al., 2020: 222).
General distribution. North Africa (Mokrousov et al., 2020).
Genus Nysson Latreille, 1802
Nysson schmiedeknechtii Handlirsch, 1900
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Handlirsch, 1900: 509).
General distribution. Tunisia (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Olgia Radoszkowski, 1877
Olgia bensoni (de Beaumont, 1950)
Material examined. Tataouine, Ghomrasen, Ghordhab, 33°5’6.4”N 10°29’46.2”E, 159 m, 1 ♀, 08.V.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Previous records from Tunisia. Kasserine (25 km NW Kasserine) (Schmid-Egger, 2005: 1547).
General distribution. North Africa (Schmid-Egger, 2005).
Genus Oryttus Spinola 1836
Oryttus konradschmidti Schmid-Egger & Hauser, 2021
Previous records from Tunisia. Medenine (Djerba, 7 km SW Houmt-Souk) (Schmid-Egger & Hauser, 2021: 443).
General distribution. Tunisia, United Arab Emirates (Schmid-Egger & Hauser, 2021).
Genus Psammaecius Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1832
Psammaecius eremorum de Beaumont, 1952
Material examined. Tataouine, Ghomrasen, Ghordhab, 33°5’6.4”N 10°29’46.2”E, 159 m, 4 ♀♀, 08.V.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Remark. This genus and species are newly recorded from Tunisia.
General distribution. Algeria, Egypt, Palestine (de Beaumont, 1952; Puławski, 2021), Tunisia (present study).
Genus Sphecius Dahlbom, 1843
Sphecius claripennis Morice, 1911
Previous records from Tunisia. Kairouan (von Schulthess, 1926: 216; Roth, 1951: 93).
General distribution. North Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Sphecius intermedius Handlirsch, 1895
Previous records from Tunisia. Gafsa (von Schulthess, 1926: 216).
General distribution. North Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Sphecius schulthessi Roth, 1951
Previous records from Tunisia. Gafsa (Roth, 1951: 91).
General distribution. North Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Stizoides Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Stizoides crassicornis (Fabricius, 1787)
Previous records from Tunisia. Bizerte (Porto Farino) (Fabricius, 1787: 278 as Tiphia crassicornis).
General distribution. Mediterranean to Central Asia (Puławski, 2021).
Stizoides klugii (F. Smith, 1856)
Material examined. Sfax, 1 ♂ (Vachal Collection, MNHN).
Remark. This species is newly recorded from Tunisia. The male from Sfax hosted in MNHN was identified by Ohl in 1996 as indicated in the label but the record was unpublished.
General distribution. Arabian Peninsula, Israel, North Africa from Algeria to Egypt and Chad (Puławski, 2021).
Stizoides tridentatus (Fabricius, 1775)
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Smits van Burgst, 1913a: 319, 1913b: 5 as Stizus tridentatus), Jendouba (Ain Draham) (Morice, 1911: 119 as Stizus tridentatus), Kairouan (von Schulthess, 1926: 216 as Stizus tridentatus), Jendouba (Tabarka; beach 3 km E Tabarka; Ain Draham, 1 km S Kroumirie), Gabes (3 km SW Matmata, Dahar Mountains) (Ohl, 1999: 140).
General distribution. Mediterranean and Southwest Asia to Mongolia (Puławski, 2021).
Stizoides verhoeffi Bytinski-Salz, 1955
Previous records from Tunisia. Tataouine (50 km S Tataouine) (Ohl, 1999: 145).
General distribution. North Africa, Israel (Puławski, 2021).
Genus Stizus Latreille, 1802
Stizus fuscatus Morice, 1897
Material examined. Medenine, Djerba, 1 ♂ (A. Weiss Collection, MNHN).
Remark. This species is newly recorded from Tunisia.
General distribution. Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Israel, Libya, Morocco (Puławski, 2021), Tunisia (present study).
Stizus koenigi F. Morawitz, 1888
Previous records from Tunisia. Kairouan (von Schulthess, 1926: 216).
General distribution. Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Libya, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Puławski, 2021).
Stizus niloticus saharae Roth, 1934
Material examined. Tataouine, North Tataouine, Oued Tlelet, 33°2’41.8”N 10°28’24.0”E, 170 m, 1 ♂, 12.V.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Remark. This subspecies is newly recorded from Tunisia. Unlike the male described from Algeria, the Tunisian male has the dorsal area of propodeum not marked with ferruginous spots, and the mesopleuron is entirely black.
General distribution. Algeria, Egypt, Libya (Puławski, 2021), Tunisia (present study).
Stizus pubescens arenarum Handlirsch, 1892
Material examined. Ben Arous, Hammam Lif, 1 ♀ (J. Pérez Collection, MNHN); Mahdia, Eljem, Achaba, 35°18’53.3”N 10°47’31.1”E, 101 m, 1 ♂, 02.VII.2019 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Remark. This subspecies is newly recorded from Tunisia.
General distribution. Algeria, Libya, Morocco (Puławski, 2021), Tunisia (present study).
Stizus ruficornis ruficornis (J. Forster, 1771)
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Smits van Burgst, 1913a: 319, 1913b: 5), Gafsa, Kairouan (von Schulthess, 1926: 216), Tunis (Graeffe, 1906: 455).
General distribution. Eastern Europe, Middle East, North to Central Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Stizus ruficornis strigatus Mochi, 1939
Material examined. Tunis, Around Tunis, 1 ♀ (M. Blanc Collection, MNHN).
Remark. This subspecies is newly recorded from Tunisia.
General distribution. Egypt, Israel (Puławski, 2021), Tunisia (present study).
Stizus tricolor Handlirsch, 1892
Previous records from Tunisia. Tozeur (Nefta) (von Schulthess, 1926: 216; Ben Khedher et al., 2019: 188).
General distribution. North Africa, Cyprus, Iran, Israel, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen (Puławski, 2021).
Stizus tunetanus A. Costa, 1893
Material examined. Ben Arous, Hammam Lif, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (J. Pérez Collection, MNHN); Tunisia, 1 ♂ (Vachal Collection, MNHN).
Previous records from Tunisia. Tunisia: no specific locality (Costa, 1893a: 100; Handlirsch, 1895: 992; von Schulthess, 1926: 216).
General distribution. North Africa (Puławski, 2021).
Stizus vespoides (Walker, 1871)
Material examined. Tozeur, Nefta, Nefta Corbeille, 33°51’0.0”N 7°51’52.4”E, 25 m, 1 ♀, 28.VI.2018 (Ben Khedher Collection).
Remark. This species is newly recorded from Tunisia.
General distribution. Algeria, Arabian Peninsula, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Niger, Palestine, Somalia, Sudan (Puławski, 2021), Tunisia (present study).
Discussion[Up]
In this study, 49 species and two subspecies of the family Bembicidae are listed in Tunisia (Table 1). The genus Bembix is the most diversified with 12 species and two subspecies. Of these, eight genera (Argogorytes, Brachystegus, Gorytes, Harpactus, Nysson, Olgia, Oryttus and Psammaecius) have only one species. Two genera: Psammaecius and Brachystegus are newly recorded from Tunisia. All collected localities of P. eremorum are Saharan. Consequently, this new record confirms the qualification of P. eremorum as a Saharan species by de Beaumont (1952). Brachystegus is represented in Tunisia by one species, B. braueri. This species is distributed only in North Africa (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) and in Palestine.
Additionally, Alysson ratzeburgi, Stizoides klugii, Stizus fuscatus, Stizus niloticus saharae, Stizus pubescens arenarum, Stizus ruficornis strigatus and Stizus vespoides are new for the Tunisian fauna. The species A. ratzeburgi was known only from Algeria (Morice, 1911), and the new data extends its distribution to Tunisia. Stizus niloticus saharae and S. pubescens arenarum have a North African distribution, whereas the remaining species extend to Africa, Israel and the Arabian Peninsula.
Tabla 1.— Lista de especies y subespecies de Bembicidae en Túnez (*: Nuevo registro).
| Genus | Species / subspecies | |
|---|---|---|
| Alysson Panzer, 1806 | A. picteti Handlirsch, 1895 A. ratzeburgi* Dahlbom, 1843 |
|
| Ammatomus A. Costa, 1859 | A. asiaticus (Radoszkowski, 1886) A. mesostenus (Handlirsh, 1888) |
|
| Argogorytes Ashmead, 1899 | A. fairmairei (Handlirsch, 1893) | |
| Bembecinus A. Costa, 1859 | B. bernardi de Beaumont, 1954 B. discolor (Handlirsch, 1892) B. fertoni (Handlirsch, 1908) B. gazagnairei (Handlirsch, 1892) B. mattheyi (de Beaumont, 1951) B. mayri (Handlirsch, 1892) B. tridens (Fabricius, 1781) |
|
| Bembix Fabricius, 1775 | B. arenaria Handlirsch, 1893 B. barbara Handlirsch, 1893 B. chlorotica Spinola, 1839 B. dahlbomii Handlirsch, 1893 B. flavescens bolivari (Handlirsch, 1893) B. flavescens kittyae de Beaumont, 1957 B. galactina Dufour, 1854 B. integra Panzer, 1801 B. lusca Spinola, 1839 B. oculata Panzer, 1801 B. olivacea Fabricius, 1787 B. palaestinensis (Lohrmann, 1942) B. rochei Guichard, 1989 B. rostrata (Linnaeus, 1758) |
|
| Brachystegus* A. Costa, 1859 | B. braueri* (Handlirsch, 1887) | |
| Gorytes Latreille, 1805 | G. quinquecinctus (Fabricius, 1793) | |
| Harpactus Shuckard, 1837 | H. laevis (Latreille, 1792) | |
| Hoplisoides Gribodo, 1884 | H. punctuosus curtulus (A. Costa, 1893) H. gazagnairei Handlirsch, 1893 |
|
| Nysson Latreille, 1802 | N. schmiedeknechtii Handlirsch, 1900 | |
| Olgia Radoszkowski, 1877 | O. bensoni (de Beaumont, 1950) | |
| Oryttus Spinola 1836 | O. konradschmidti Schmid-Egger & Hauser, 2021 | |
| Psammaecius* Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1832 | P. eremorum* de Beaumont, 1952 | |
| Sphecius Dahlbom, 1843 | S. claripennis Morice, 1911 S. intermedius Handlirsch, 1895 S. schulthessi Roth, 1951 |
|
| Stizoides Guérin-Méneville, 1844 | S. crassicornis (Fabricius, 1787) S. klugii* (F. Smith, 1856) S. tridentatus (Fabricius, 1775) S. verhoeffi Bytinski-Salz, 1955 |
|
| Stizus Latreille, 1802 | S. fuscatus* Morice, 1897 S. koenigi F. Morawitz, 1888 S. niloticus saharae* Roth, 1934 S. pubescens arenarum* Handlirsch, 1892 S. ruficornis strigatus* Mochi, 1939 S. ruficornis ruficornis (J. Forster, 1771) S. tricolor Handlirsch, 1892 S. tunetanus A. Costa, 1893 S. vespoides* (Walker, 1871) |
|
| Total | 16 genera | 49 species and 2 subspecies |
The presence of Stizus tunetanus, Bembix palaestinensis and Hoplisoides punctuosus curtulus in Tunisia was also confirmed in this study. Moreover, we provide new records for other previously recorded Bembicidae species from Tunisia. This study improves our knowledge of the Tunisian Bembicidae fauna with the first checklist of the family in the country, but further investigations are needed to provide new records for the country and new species for science.
Acknowledgements[Up]
The authors are grateful to Dr. Christian Schmid-Egger (Ökteam Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Berlin, Germany) for verification and confirmation of species identification and for his invaluable cooperation. We thank also Dr. Claire Villemant, curator of the Hymenoptera Collection in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, who facilitated access to specimens hosted in MNHN and consulted old documents. We are grateful also to Professor Massaoud Mars, Director of Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture (CRRHAB) at Chott Meriem (Sousse, Tunisia) for providing facilities and encouragement.
References[Up]
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