NEW DATA ON THE GENUS PARHELOPHILUS GIRSCHNER, 1897 FROM SPAIN, INCLUDING THE FIRST RECORDS OF P. CROCOCORONATUS REEMER, 2000 (DIPTERA, SYRPHIDAE); Nuevos datos del género Parhelophilus Girschner, 1897 de España, incluidos los primeros registros de P. Crococoronatus Reemer, 2000 (Diptera, Syrphidae)

The hoverfly Parhelophilus crococoronatus Reemer, 2000 (Syrphidae: Eristalinae) was recorded from France and Portugal. In this work, it is reported from Spain for the first time. In Murcia province, the species was caught at the hydro dam “Presa de la Risca”. The habitat consisted of newly flooded forested meadows with decaying shrubs and dead trees, where the aquatic larvae of Parhelophilus live. This habitat has most likely been lost by now, as most of the area has been flooded, and the current presence of P. crococoronatus needs to be confirmed. In Granada province, P. crococoronatus was collected in a Phragmites-rich natural wetland, while in Huelva it was collected in a marshland with trees and low vegetation. The findings show that, even if the habitat of P. crococoronatus in Murcia has disappeared, the species is more widespread and has viable populations in Spain. Additional records of Parhelophilus versicolor (Fabricius, 1794) and Parhelophilus frutetorum (Fabricius, 1775) are provided.

The aim of the present paper is to update the Iberian knowledge of this hoverfly genus which is specifically linked to wetlands and marshlands.

Material and methods
Syrphidae adults were collected using hand nets. In 2002 the area around the bird hides close to the  GIMP 2.8.14. Female photos were produced as stacks of individual images made with a camera (Leica DFC 450) attached to a binocular stereomicroscope (Leica M205 C). Stacks were made in Leica Application Suite X (LAS X) ® , ver. 3.0.4.16529. The map was produced in Google Earth Pro 2021. intermixed. However, P. crococoronatus differs from P. frutetorum in the almost entirely yellow pilose frons, which in P. frutetorum has both yellow and black pile intermixed; in P. crococoronatus male, the metafemur tubercle is less developed, placed more antero-ventrally and the tubercle pile is arranged in a narrow row, while in P. frutetorum the tubercle is more developed, placed more ventrally and more evenly pilose, not arranged in a well-defined row; in P. crococoronatus, the pollinosity on the terga is more extended, especially on tergum III, where the three maculae are clearly connected, but some of the examined females in this work show how the central and posterior maculae can be narrowly separated (Fig. 5); in P. frutetorum, the three pollinose maculae on tergum III are clearly separated from each other and on tergum IV there are large non-pollinose areas. Furthermore, the male genitalia of these two similar species are different, as indicated in Reemer (2000), who figures the genitalia of all four European species. Biology. The adult habitat consists of brackish to freshwater areas with open ground along pools with decaying organic matter and stands of Phragmites spp., in more-or-less open conditions. Adults visit flowers of Cistus spp. Collected from the 8 th April to the 25 th June (Reemer, 2000;Van Eck, 2016;Speight, 2020;present study). Males fly fast on the outer site of the foliage of trees and shrubs, repeatedly resting on leaves for short periods, showing the same behaviour as in P. frutetorum. black on medial 1 /3, metatibia only vaguely darkened basally; tergum III with three yellowish-white tomentose maculae, narrowly connected or at most very slightly separated from each other (Fig. 5) (Fig. 3). Known from 9 localities in total, namely the type localities in Portugal and France; 3 additional localities from Portugal (Reemer 2000;Van Eck, 2016)      decaying shrubs and trees formerly found in the river valley. The low water level with plenty of decaying vegetation formed a very suitable habitat for this species larvae. In the course of several years, the valley flooded more and more and the decaying vegetation is likely completely submerged and gone (Segura Hydrographic Confederation, 2020). The building of hydro dams has proven to reduce the quantity and quality of wetland areas (Talukdar & Pal, 2017;Zheng et al., 2019) and in this view the presence of P. crococoronatus in the 'Embalse de la Risca' is doubtful at present. Nonetheless, the other records (e.g. Granada) suggest that there might be other viable populations of this species throughout Spain, however a better understanding of the current occurrence of the species in Spain is necessary.

Key to the European species of the genus
The habitat degradation is one of the many threats for the survival of Syrphidae (Ivošević et al., 2021) and hydro dam construction is considered as one of these specific threats for hoverfly biodiversity. Especially in the dry and vulnerable Mediterranean Region, this could lead to the extinction of many species depending on small streams and its specialised flora and fauna (Baffert & Bauer, 2020). Nonetheless, the artificiallygenerated accumulation of decaying and dead vegetation in the early stage of the dam flooding could have increased the suitable habitat for Parhelophilus larvae temporarily, which needs to be confirmed.

Discussion
The here presented records of Parhelophilus crococoronatus are the first from Spain, although the previous records from Portugal and France made the occurrence in Spain likely. The female reported from Granada is the second known to this species and confirms the variability of certain characters used as diagnostic to separate this from other Parhelophilus species.
The reported finding of Parhelophilus frutetorum at the CEUA-CIBIO collection confirms the presence of this species in Spain, which was known only from an old record of the nineteenth century (Ricarte & Marcos García, 2017). The new material of P. versicolor provides the first evidence of this species to occur in Murcia and Granada provinces, both in the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, the reidentification of the specimen of P. versicolor from León that turned out to be P. frutetorum implied that P. versicolor is deleted from the list of species recorded from León province and, in its place, P. frutetorum is added to the hoverfly inventory of this province.
The habitat in which Parhelophilus crococoronatus was collected in Murcia is most likely destroyed by the flooding of the river valley in which it was collected as most of the drowned vegetation will have been totally decayed by now. The building of a hydro dam in 2002 flooded the area creating a temporary pool with