ON THE IDENTITY OF CALOMICRUS FALLAX (JOANNIS, 1865) WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW, WIDESPREAD SPECIES OF CALOMICRUS FROM SPAIN AND PORTUGAL AND COMMENTS ON THE IBERIAN SPECIES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE, GALERUCINAE)

José Miguel Vela

Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, Cortijo de la Cruz, 29140 Málaga, Spain. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0294-0867 – josem.vela@juntadeandalucia.es

IntroductionTOP

Calomicrus fallax (Joannis, 1865) has been repeatedly reported in the literature from Spain (Weise, 1886; Heyden, 1870; Kiesenwetter, 1873; Uhagón, 1887; Wagner, 1927; Codina, 1963; Daccordi & Petitpierre, 1977; Petitpierre, 1988; Vela & Bastazo, 1991; Warchałowski, 1991, 2003, 2010; García-Ocejo & Gurrea, 1995). However, Joannis (1865) described this species from Algeria, and here it is shown that it is different from a common yellow Calomicrus species living in Spain and Portugal, which belongs to an undescribed species. The genus Calomicrus is not yet sufficiently studied in the Mediterranean, and some of its species should be included in other genera. For this reason, Bezděk (2015) pointed out the morphological differences between some of the genera he called “Luperus-like”, including Calomicrus and Euluperus. Consequently, two Iberian species previously considered in Calomicrus are combined here in Euluperus. However, the generic assignation of other West Palaearctic species included in Calomicrus should be evaluated.

Material and MethodsTOP

All measurements were made using an ocular grid mounted on MBS-10 stereomicroscope (32× magnification). The photographs of specimens were taken with Leica DFC320 attached to a Leica MZ 9.5 stereomicroscope. Images of the same specimen in different focal planes were combined using CombineZP free software.

The examined specimens are housed in the following collections:

ResultsTOP

Calomicrus fallax (Joannis, 1865)

Figs. 1, 9, 13, 14, 18, 22

Luperus (Calomicrus) fallax Joannis, 1865: 123 (original description).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Algérie”.

TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. HOLOTYPE: 1 ♀, “Bône [at present Annaba, circular] // 27 [printed] // MUSÉUM PARIS / COLL. CH. AUBÉ [printed] // Luperus fallax [handwritten] // HOLOTYPE [printed, red label]” (MNHN).

HOLOTYPE INFORMATION. The holotype (♀) measures: BL = 2.78 mm; EL = 2.26; smaller than the examined non-type female specimens. Antennomeres relation: 9-5-5-8-8-. The holotype lacks antennomeres VI-XI of left and IV-XI of right antenna. The late Dr. Nicole Berti (MNHN) dissected the genitalia, drew it and sent the figure of the spermatheca to the author (fig. 13); this dissection is kept in a small glycerine vial attached to the pin. Joannis (1865) explicitly stated that his description was based on a single specimen of the Aubé collection, so this is the holotype. Therefore, a specimen on the webpage of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) cannot be considered a syntype (see 140.247.96.247/mcz/Species_record.php?id=25141) (accessed 22/02/2018).

ADDITIONAL EXAMINED SPECIMENS. ALGERIE. Annaba, Chetaibi, 24.5.1976, Chene liége, S. Doguet leg., 5 exx. unsexed (CDo); Constantine: El Meridj, 30.5.1973, S. Doguet leg., 2 exx. unsexed (CDo), 1♂, 1♀ (CBV); Yakouren, Kabylie, L. Puel, 1♂, 1♀ (CDa).

TUNISIE: Le Kef Gov., Sakiet Sidi Youssef, 8-10 km NE, str. for Touiref, 22-V-2010, leg. Angelini, 1 ♂ (CDa), 1♂, 1♀ (CBV); Jendouba Gov., Ain Draham 7 km SW str. for H. Bourguiba, 13-V-2009, leg. Angelini, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (CDa), 1♂, 1♀ (CBV).

REDESCRIPTION

BL: ♂♂: 2.71-3.29 mm; ♀♀: 2.92-3.46 mm. Body oblong-elongate (fig. 1); body length is 2.13-2.33 (♂♂), 1.94-2.25 (♀♀) times its maximum width. General colour pale yellow. Apex of labrum and of mandibles brownish. Elytral suture and scutellum slightly darkened. Apex of metatibia and base of metatarsomere IV with a blackish ring. Antennae gradually darker from antennomere VII. Margin of epipleura with a thin blackish line from base until 1/3 of its length. Metaventrite (♂, ♀) and abdomen (♂♂) black or brown, but the metepisternum has an outer band yellow, which widens at base and at apex. Abdomen with a marginal band more or less conspicuous yellow (♂♂) or yellow with the first visible ventrite somewhat darker.

HEAD. Slightly (♂♂) or conspicuously (♀♀) narrower than the anterior side of pronotum. Cephalic width 1.84-1.96 (♂♂), 1.64-1.70 (♀♀) times the interocular distance, due to the larger eyes in males, and 3.69-4.50 (♂♂), 3.53-3.73 (♀♀) the interantennal distance. Vertex hairless, with silk shine, somewhat convex, without punctures, with weak microwrinckles that near the eyes become stronger. No or barely perceptible coronal sulcus. Frontal suture weak or moderate, in open “V”, in the middle with a depression, not reaching the posterior-inner border of the eye. Ocular sulcus absent. Frons hairless. Middle-frontal sulcus very fine. Frontal tubercles elevated, microwrinckled. Nasal keel slightly swollen. Clypeus and labrum with yellow erect setae. Fore side of labrum straight. Antennae slightly longer in males than in females; their length is 0.89-1.01 (♂♂), 0.91-0.93 (♀♀) times the length of the elytra. Antennomeres parallel. Pubescence of antennae with long, dense, semierect setae. The antennomere IV is 0.88-1.00 (♂♂), 0.84-0.89 (♀♀) times the sum of antennomeres II and III, and 1.87-2.14 (♂♂), 1.60-1.88 (♀♀) as the length of the antennomere III. Antennomere III is 0.87-1.13 (♂♂), 0.89-1.11 (♀♀) times the length of antennomere II. Antennomeres relative length: 11-5-5-10-10-10-10-9-8-8-11 (♂♂), 10-5-5-9-10-9-9-9-8-7-11 (♀♀).

PRONOTUM. Slightly convex, shiny, smooth or with a fine punctation. Subrectangular, with parallel sides. More transversal in the male; its maximum width is 1.49-1.60 (♂♂), 1.60-1.67 (♀♀) times its length in the middle. Its maximum width is also 1.13-1.23 (♂♂), 1.25-1.27 (♀♀) times the head width. In some specimens there is a conspicuous broad transverse depression in the disc. Anterior side not margined, with the middle part straight or slightly curved backwards. Lateral sides almost straight, with a clearly visible margin and short hairs directed outwards. Posterior side with fine but visible margin curved and sinuated in the scutellar area. Anterior angles right, with a smooth callus and a setigerous pore in subapical position. Posterior angles weakly pointed, obtuse.

Scutellum small, triangular, smooth.

ELYTRA. Length 2.85-3.29 (♂♂), 4.15-4.45 (♀♀) times longer than pronotum. Moderately shiny, punctation shallow, not very dense, the distance between the points varies about ¾-1 times the diameter of a puncture. Surface irregularly punctate, finely microgranulated, with short yellowish, deciduous hairs, more visible on the sides and the apex.

LEGS. Protibia 1.47-1.61 (♂♂), 1.44-1.63 (♀♀) times longer than protarsus. The length of protarsus is 2.38-2.82 (♂♂), 2.82-3.20 (♀♀) times the length of protarsomere I. This is 1.83-2.17 (♂♂), 2.00-2.20 (♀♀) longer than wide. Mesotibia slightly longer than the protibia. Metatibia 1.13-1.25 (♂♂), 1.26-1.28 (♀♀) times the length of the mesotibia. Also, metatibia is 1.17-1.29 (♂♂), 1.23-1.31 (♀♀) times the length of the metatarsus. Tibiae moderately robust gradually widened towards the middle, then parallel. Tibiae with apical deciduous spur, on its inner apical side, 0.5-1.0x the diameter of tibia at apex. Femora with sparse yellow pubescence. Metatarsus 1.67-1.73 (♂♂), 1.67-1.79 (♀♀) times the length of metatarsomere I. Metatarsomere I is 1.37-1.50 (♂♂), 1.26-1.50 (♀♀) times longer than the rest of the metatarsus and 2.36-3.00 (♂♂), 2.14-2.42 (♀♀) times longer than the metatarsomere IV. Claws appendiculate.

VENTRAL SURFACE. Proventrite with keel narrow, inconspicuous between the procoxae. Proacetabula open, the apophysis of protorathic hypomera reaches the middle of procoxa. Apex of metaventrite with a bifid apophysis. Abdomen with yellow semi-laying pubescence.

GENITALIA. ♂♂: Central lobe of last abdominal ventrite with a large impression. Penis in ventral view sub-parallel, with apex rounded; basal foramen with a long cone-shaped incision forward (fig. 9a). In side view, the penis is regularly curved, with a smooth apex (fig. 9b).

♀♀: Spermatheca (figs. 13, 14) falciform, with nodulus dilated and well-differentiated, collum very curved and cornu long; ductus descending, starting from the posterior region of the nodulus; glandula auxiliaris upwards, inserted near the beginning of the ductus; sclerified part of the ductus short. Gonocoxite (fig. 18) with basal branches deeply divided. Sternite VIII and tignum as in fig. 22.

DISTRIBUTION. ALGERIA: without other data (Joannis, 1865; Weise, 1886, sub Luperus (Calomicrus)), Biskra; Annaba: Djebel Edough (Desbrochers des Loges, 1898, sub Luperus (Calomicrus))] Massif de l’Ouarsenis oriental: Teniet-EI-Haad (Guillebeau, 1891, sub Luperus (Calomicrus)); Sétif: Sétif, Aín Roua; Bajara: Kherrata (Warchałowski, 1991). TUNISIA: Aín Draham; Camp-de-la Santé; Feriana; Le Kef (Normand, 1937, sub Luperus). Records from Morocco by Kocher (1958) may refer to other species, as this author says, and that by Codina (1961) refers to Calomicrus setulosus var. subglabrata (Codina, 1963), very different to Calomicrus fallax.

TROPHISM. Monophagous on Quercus ilex (Warchałowski, 1991) and Q. suber (Doguet, in litt. sub “Chene liége”) (Fagaceae).

Calomicrus ibericus sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:84CA9ABD-AF27-4E1A-A590-2DA263D282C2

Figs. 2, 10, 15, 19, 23

TYPE MATERIAL

Holotype ♂: SPAIN, Málaga, Cortes de la Frontera, 650m, Montes de Cortes, 30STF8448, 7.6.1987, Quercus suber, Bastazo & Vela leg.

Paratypes: SPAIN, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Málaga, Cortes de la Frontera, 650 m, Montes de Cortes, 30STF8448, 7.6.1987, Quercus suber, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 1 ♂, Málaga, Cortes de la Frontera, Puerto de La Calderona, 830 m, 7.6.1987, Quercus suber, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Málaga, Gaucín, Sierra del Hacho, 620 m, 7.6.1987, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Málaga, Parauta, Sierra de las Nieves, 1000 m, 29.6.1983, Quercus rotundifolia, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 10 ♂♂, Córdoba, Priego, Las Lagunillas, subida a La Tiñosa, 18.5.1991, Quercus faginea, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 1 ♂, Córdoba, Luque, Sierra de la Lastra, 19.5.1991, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 1 ♀, Córdoba, Luque, El Canalizo, 29.5.1993, M, Baena leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Córdoba, Arroyo Pedroche, 11.4.1993, M. Baena leg.; 5 exx., Cádiz, Conil, 8.5.1994, P. Coello leg.; 1 ♀, Cádiz, Tarifa, Sierra de la Luna, 15.5.1993, J. de Ferrer leg.; 1 ♀, Granada, Sierra Tejeda, cara N, 1200 m, 10.7.1991, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 4 exx. unsexed, Lleida, Cervera, 10.6.1991, leg. Hebauer; 2 ♂♂, Tarragona: Querol, 21.6.1977, Quercus ilex, E. Petitpierre leg.; 2 ♂♂, Teruel, Royuela, 15.VI.1986, S. Doguet leg.

Portugal. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Algarve, Armação de Pêra, 3 km E, küste, 50 m NN, 10.IV.2014, Fritzlar leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Algarve, Lagoa, 6 km SE, küste, 1.IV.2004, Fritzlar leg.; 8 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Algarve, Loulé, 10 km WNW, Monte Seco, macchia, 250 m, 3.IV.2004, Fritzlar leg.; 6 exx., ídem, Col. Beenen; 17 exx. unsexed, Algarve, Loulé, 20 km NW, Alte, 4 km W, 400 m NN, 6.IV.2004, Fritzlar leg.; 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Algarve, Portimao, 15km N, Alcalar, Obstland, 300 m NN, 7.IV.2014, Fritzlar leg.; 1 ♀, Portugal, Algarve, Alte, Santa Margarida, 9.V.1999, leg. H. Ziegler; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Portugal, Algarve, Salir, Rocha da Pena, 17.V.1999, leg. H. Ziegler; 2 ♀♀, Algarve, Vila do Bispo, 10 km E, Budens N., Macch [ia], 150m NN, 4.IV.2004, Fritzlar leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 25 exx. unsexed, Faro distr., Arade Dam (0.5 km N of Casa Queimada) 2.V.2013, 37º14’16.7’’N, 8º23’11.9”W, 87 m, Quercus rotundifolia and Q. suber, Jan Pelikán leg.; 59 exx. unsexed, ídem, 1-2.V.2013, L. Sekerka leg.; 6 exx. unsexed, Faro distr., Cerro de Cima (= Serro de Casas), 37º14’26.62’’N, 8º04’45.3’’W, 2.V.2013, Quercus rotundifolia, Jan Pelikán leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Faro, Serro da Cima (= Serro das Casas), 261 m, 37º14’26.6’’N, 8º04’45.93’’W, 2.V.2013, L. Sekerka leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Faro, 0.5 km S of Barranco de Velho, 37º13’52.5’’N, 7º56’14.4’’W, 470 m, 4-5.V.2013, L. Sekerka leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ídem, Jan Pelikán leg.

The holotype and three paratypes are deposited in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Madrid, type nº 2824 of the type catalogue; the other paratypes in CBe, CBz, CDa, CFr, CPe, CPk, CSe, NMPC and CBV.

Description

BL: ♂♂: 3.00-3.40 mm; ♀♀: 3.20-3.90 mm. Body oblong-elongate (fig. 2); the body length is 2.00-2.20 (♂♂, ♀♀) times its maximum width. General colour pale yellow. Dry specimens may be brownish. Vertex and pronotum sometimes reddish, somewhat darker than the general colouration. Apex of labrum, of mandibles, last palpomere of maxilla and apex of antennomere XI brown. In some specimens, tarsomeres III and IV somewhat darker that the others. Metatarsomere with a basal brown ring. Metaventrite (♂, ♀) and abdomen (♂♂) black or brown, but the metepisternum has a yellow outer band, which widens at the base and at the apex. Abdomen with a yellow marginal band more or less conspicuous (♂♂) or yellow with the first visible ventrite slightly darker.

HEAD. Slightly narrower than the anterior side of pronotum. Cephalic width 1.72-1.81 (♂♂), 1.37-1.68 (♀♀) times the interocular distance and 5.60 – 6.11 (♂♂), 4.00-5.70 (♀♀) the interantennal distance. Vertex hairless, with silk shine, somewhat convex, without punctures, with weak microwrinkles which near the eyes become stronger. No or barely perceptible coronal sulcus, at most as a slight punctiform impression. Frontal suture weak or moderate, short or reaching the also weak ocular sulcus. Frons hairless. Middle-frontal sulcus short, weakly marked. Frontal tubercles no or slightly swollen. Nasal keel narrow, not or slightly elevated. Clypeus and labrum with yellow erect setae. Fore side of labrum straight. Antennae slightly longer in males than in females; their length is 1.06-1.12 (♂♂), 0.91-0.96 (♀♀) times the length of the elytra. Antennomeres parallel. Pubescence of antennae is less dense in antennomeres I to III than in the others. Antennomeres III to X with some long, erect setae in their apical region. Antennomere IV is 0.95-1.05 (♂♂), 0.83-1.05 (♀♀) times the sum of antennomeres Ii and III, and 1.90-2.22 (♂♂), 1.73-2.22 (♀♀) as the length of antennomere III. Antennomere III is 0.90-1.00 (♂♂), 0.90-1.10 (♀♀) times the length of antennomere II. Antennomeres relative length: 11-5-5-10-10-10-10-10-10-9-11 (♂♂), 11-5-5-11-10-10-10-10-10-9-11 (♀♀).

PRONOTUM. Scarcely convex, with a large depression more or less conspicuous, shiny, with few weak punctures, and microgranulation moderate to weak. Transverse, its maximum width is 1.58-1.66 (♂♂), 1.55-1.67 (♀♀) times its length in the middle. Its maximum width is also 1.17-1.27 (♂♂), 1.26-1.58 (♀♀) times the cephalic width. Anterior side not margined, with the middle zone straight or slightly curved backwards, having a sparse row of inconspicuous silks directed forward. Lateral sides regularly curved, with well visible margin and short hairs directed outwards. Posterior side with fine but visible margin, curved but sinuated in the scutellar area. Anterior angles straight, with a smooth callus and a setigerous pore in subapical position. Posterior angles no or weakly pointed, obtuse.

Scutellum small, triangular, smooth, with blunt apex.

ELYTRA. Length 3.72-4.12 (♂♂), 3.77-4.25 (♀♀) times longer than pronotum, with a depression in the post-scutellar area. Moderately shiny, punctation shallow, not very dense, the distance between the points varies between 1-1.5 times the diameter of a puncture. Surface irregularly punctated, finely microgranulated; sometimes it tends to form microwrinkles, with short yellowish deciduous hairs, more visible on the sides and the apex.

LEGS. Protibia 1.60-1.73 (♂♂), 1.49-1.70 (♀♀) times longer than the protarsus. Length of protarsus is 2.00-2.58 (♂♂), 2.50-2.92 (♀♀) times the length of protarsomere I. This is significantly broadened in ♂♂, so that is 1.71-2.00 (♂♂), 2.00-2.80 (♀♀) longer that wide. Mesotibia slightly longer than the protibia. Metatibia 1.19-1.25 (♂♂), 1.21-1.31 (♀♀) times the length of the mesotibia. Also, metatibia is 1.27-1.37 (♂♂), 1.19-1.32 (♀♀) times the length of the metatarsus. Tibiae moderately robust gradually widened towards the apex. Tibiae with apical, deciduous spur, on its inner apical side. Femora with sparse, yellow pubescence. Metatarsus 1.75-1.86 (♂♂), 1.73-1.84 (♀♀) times the length of the metatarsomere I. Metatarsomere I is 1.16-1.33 (♂♂), 1.19-1.36 (♀♀) times longer than the rest of the metatarsus and 2.23-2.90 (♂♂), 2.21-2.73 (♀♀) times longer than the metatarsomere IV. Tarsomere IV very short. Claws weakly appendiculate.

VENTRAL SURFACE. Proventrite with a narrow keel, inconspicuous between the procoxae. Proacetabula open. Apex of metaventrite with a bifid apophysis. Abdomen with yellow, semi-laying pubescence.

GENITALIA. ♂♂: Median lobe of last abdominal ventrite with a deep impression. Penis in ventral view with apex truncate and sinuated; sides convergent until the last ¼, where it is constricted and follows in parallel; basal foramen with the anterior side a bit projected forwards (fig. 10a). The everted endophallus have three type of spiculae, major ones in rear position, intermediate in fore part and a high number of small ones in middle part (fig. 10c). In side view, the penis has the dorsal part curved until the last 1/3, from here it goes straight until a smooth point (fig. 10b).

♀♀: Spermatheca falciform (fig. 15), with nodulus dilated and well-differentiated, collum very curved and cornu long; ductus starting from the upper posterior region of the nodulus; glandula auxiliaris upwards, inserted close the starting of the ductus; sclerified part of ductus short. Gonocoxite (fig. 19) with basal branches deeply splitting. Sternite VIII and tignum as in fig. 20.

ETYMOLOGY. The epithet “ibericus” means “belonging or related to the Iberian Peninsula”.

TROPHISM. Records in the previous literature are sub C. fallax. Feeds on Fagaceae: Quercus coccifera (Uhagón, 1887); Q. ilex (Petitpierre, 1988); Q. rotundifolia (Warchałowski, 1991; present data); Q. faginea (García-Ocejo & Gurrea, 1995; present data); Q. suber (present data). Wagner (1927) recorded it from Calycotome (Fabaceae), but this host plant has not been confirmed.

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. Spain, Portugal.

IBERIAN DISTRIBUTION. The previous records of C. fallax in Spain should refer to C. ibericus sp. nov.: Andalucía (Weise, 1886); Ciudad Real: Venta de Cárdenas (Heyden, 1870); Córdoba: Sierra da Córdoba (Kiesenwetter, 1873); Badajoz (Uhagón, 1887); Teruel: Valdovecar (=Valdevécar in Albarracín, Wagner, 1927); Jaén: Sierra de Cazorla (Codina, 1963; Daccordi & Petitpierre, 1977); Tarragona: Valls, Querol; Lérida: Avellanet (Petitpierre, 1988); Tarragona, Málaga (Vela & Bastazo, 1991); Málaga: Sierra de las Nieves (Warchałowski, 1991); Madrid: Monterrey (García-Ocejo & Gurrea, 1995).

TAXONOMIC REMARKS. The new species had been confused since Weise (1886) with C. fallax, which is a species known from Algeria and Tunisia. Both are very alike in coloration and general form, but can be separated by the following features:

Calomicrus ibericus sp. nov.: Antennae yellow with apex of antennomere XI brownish. The whole epipleura of the general color. Penis smaller, in ventral view with apex truncated and somewhat sinuated, a belt at ¾ of the length and basal foramen not pointed, short, with lateral weak constrictions and apex sinuated (fig.10a). Proximal part of spermathecal ductus separated from the nodulus, and directed down and backwards (fig. 15).

Calomicrus fallax: Antennae slightly and progressively infuscate from antennomere VII to apex. Anterior margin of epipleura with a fine, dark line. Aedeagus greater, in ventral view with rounded apex (fig. 9a), without a marked belt at ¾ of the length, and basal foramen very pointed forwards. Proximal part of spermathecal ductus close to the nodulus, and directed downwards (fig. 14).

Distribution of Calomicrus from Iberian Peninsula

In addition to C. ibericus sp. nov., four other species of Calomicrus are known from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain or Portugal):

Calomicrus circumfusus (Marsham, 1802)

Figs. 3, 26

EXAMINED SPECIMENS. SPAIN. 2 exx., Alicante: Ibi, 18.7.1981, J.M. Vela leg.; 24 exx., Asturias: Covadonga, Lago Enol, 1090 m, on Ulex gallii Planchon, 10.8.1992, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 5 exx., Covadonga, Majada de Bobias, 1260 m, on Ulex gallii Planchon, 5.8.1992, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 3 exx., Ávila: Burgohondo, 9.6.1990, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 6 exx., Cantabria: Picos de Europa, Camaleño, Fuentedé, 1050 m, 14.8.1988, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 3 exx., Granada: Sierra Nevada, Bubión, Carril del Veleta, 2250 m, 10.7.1982, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 1 ex., Sierra Arana, Alfaguara, 12.6.1981, J.M. Ávila leg.; 1 ex., Trevélez, Río Trevélez, IX-1987, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 1 ex., Sierra de Alfacar, Cerro Higuerillas, 1450 m, 25.6.1988, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 5 exx., León: Fasgar, 1500 m, 12.8.1991, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 4 exx., Lérida: Lago de San Mauricio, 1900 m, 24.8.1980, J.A. Fernández Cortés leg.; 1 ex., Madrid: Lozoya, Reajo Capón, 1800 m, 11.7.1992, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 2 exx., Garganta de los Montes, Arroyo del Rayo (pinar), 4.7.1992, 1350 m, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 1 ex., Málaga: Ronda, Sierra de las Nieves, Cortijo de Quejigales, 1400 m, 29.6.1983, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 2 exx., El Burgo, Convento de las Nieves, 800 m, 30.5.1983, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 1 ex., Genalguacil, Sierra Bermeja, Los Reales, 1300 m, 22.5.1988, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 2 exx., Villanueva del Rosario, Sierra de Camarolos, 14.5.1988, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 2 exx., Navarra: Erratzu, 13.7.1984, R. Biurrun leg.; 1 ex., Tarragona: Llavería, 28.6.1979, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 1 ej., Teruel: Albarracín, 30.6.1986, M. Baena leg.; 3 exx., Puerto de Orihuela, 5.7.1986, M. Baena leg.

PORTUGAL: 3 exx., Douro Litoral: Ribeira de Riamachoso, Serra do Marao, Torno, 600 m, 6.7.1996, M. Badena leg.; 1 ex., Braga: Serra da Peneda, Alto dos Bicos, 4.6.1980, A. Serrano leg.

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. Known of greater part of Europe (Beenen, 2010). Pic (1912) described C. circumfusus var. talensis from Tunisia: Thala, but the specific attribution should be confirmed. The record from Morocco: Rif oriental: Ras-Fourhal by Kocher, 1958, 1969 (sub Luperus) is uncertain and ambiguous on an only and imperfect specimen, as this author stated.

IBERIAN DISTRIBUTION: SPAIN. Granada: Sierra Nevada (Rosenhauer, 1856); Galicia; Madrid: El Escorial (Joannis, 1865); León: Brañuelas; Orense: Cea (Heyden, 1870); Madrid: Navacerrada (Pérez Arcas, 1877); Cataluña (Martorell Peña, 1879); Barcelona: alrededores (Cuní-Martorell, 1888), Calella (Cuní-Martorell, 1897); Zaragoza: Cariñena (Górriz, 1902); Salamanca: Béjar (Champion, 1903); Logroño: Canales (Champion, 1904); Asturias-León: Puerto de Pajares (Champion & Chapman, 1905 sub Luperus nigrofasciatus); Pontevedra: Vigo; León: Brañuelas (Champion, 1907 sub L. nigrofasciatus); Granada (Pic, 1934); Granada: Puerto de la Ragua, Jubiles (Cobos, 1954); Huesca: Barbastro (Codina, 1961); Vizcaya: Galdácano, Goyeriri, Guecho (Codina, 1963); Madrid: Cercedilla; Valencia: Alcira; Castellón: Segorbe, Nules (Torres-Sala, 1962 sub Luperus); Jaén: Sierra de Cazorla (Daccordi & Petitpierre, 1977); Teruel: Sierra de Albarracín (Petitpierre, 1981); Barcelona: Sant Pere Màrtir, La Garriga, Collformic, Tavertet, Sant Miquel Sesperxes, Balenyà, Collbató; Tarragona: Valls, l’Albiol, Alió, La Riba, Querol, Miravet, El Molar, Sant Miquel de Brufaganya; Lleida: Seròs, Sant Guim, Cambrils, Castellbò, Vall de Tavascan; Gerona: Sant Pere Pescador, Olot, Planès, Ulldeter; Zaragoza, Soria, Almería (Petitpierre, 1988); Ávila: Sierra de Gredos (García-Ocejo & Gurrea, 1991); Albacete: Sierra de Alcaraz (Gurrea et al., 1991); Granada; Málaga (Vela & Bastazo, 1991); Lérida: Valle de Arán (Petitpierre, 1994); Madrid: Sierra de Guadarrama (García-Ocejo & Gurrea, 1995); Teruel: Albarracín (Teunissen, 2002); Granada: La Sagra (Petitpierre & Daccordi, 2013); Granada: Sierra Nevada (Vela & Bastazo, 2013).

Portugal. Norte de Bussaco (Oliveira, 1894); Tras os Montes: Sabrosa (Barros, 1896 sub L. nigrofasciatus), Tras os Montes (Barros, 1928); without other data (Seabra, 1943).

Calomicrus suturalis (Joannis, 1865)

Fig. 4

EXAMINED SPECIMENS. SPAIN. 1 ex., Almería: Sierra Nevada, Morrón del Chullo, 2380 m, 24.6.1989, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 2 exx., Ávila: Burgohondo, 9.6.1990, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 6 exx., Córdoba: Priego, Las Lagunillas, subida a La Tiñosa, 18.5.1991, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 7 exx., Sierra de Córdoba, 17.4.1993, M. Baena leg.; 4 exx., Luque, Cortijo de las Argüillas, 9.5.1993, M. Baena leg.; 8 exx., Sierra de Cabra, 1000 m, 12.6.1994, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 3 exx., Granada, Pinos Puente, 30.3.1994, M. Baena leg.; 3 exx., La Zubia, Fuente del Hervidero, 1350 m, 18.6.1989, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 4 exx., ídem, 23.6.1990; 1 ex., Madrid: Casa de Campo, 7.7.1982, J.M. Vela leg.; 2 exx., Málaga: Monte San Antón, 6.5.1989, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 3 exx., Torre de Chilches, El Cañuelo, 12.4.1981, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 6 exx., Villanueva del Rosario, Sierra de Camarolos, on Genista florida L., 14.5.1988, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg., 1 ex., Ronda, Sierra de las Nieves, Quejigales, 1400 m, 27.5.1979, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 1 ex., ídem, 22.5.1982; 9 exx., Ronda, Puerto del Viento, 18.4.1995, J.M. Vela leg.

PORTUGAL: 1 ♂, Arade Dam (0.5 km N of Casa Queimada) 1-2.v.2013, 37º14’16.7’’N, 8º23’11.9W, 87m, L. Sekerka leg.

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. Spain, Morocco (Beenen, 2010), Portugal (present data).

IBERIAN DISTRIBUTION. SPAIN. Badajoz (Joannis, 1865, sub Luperus; Uhagón, 1887, idem); Málaga: alrededores de Cueva del Gato (Heyden, 1870, sub Luperus); Córdoba (Kiesenwetter, 1873, sub Luperus); España central y meridional (Weise, 1886; Guillebeau, 1891); Teruel: Valdovecar (sic! = Valdevécar, Albarracín) (Wagner, 1927, sub Luperus, Teunissen, 2002); Valencia; Castellón: Nules; Teruel: Sarrión (Torres Sala, 1962, sub Luperus); Málaga (Vela & Bastazo, 1991); Madrid: Torrelodones (García-Ocejo & Gurrea, 1995); Córdoba, Granada, Málaga (Doguet et al., 1996); Granada: La Sagra (Petitpierre & Daccordi, 2013); Granada: Sierra Nevada (Vela & Bastazo, 2013); Málaga: Nerja, Frigiliana (Vela et al., 2017).

PORTUGAL. Without further data (Laboissière, 1912). Oliveira (1894) and Seabra (1943) did not mention this species in their catalogues. However, Lukáš Sekerka (Prague) sent to me in study a specimen coming from Arade Dam (in South Portugal, Algarve, Silves), which is the first concrete record of this species in Portugal (see below).

Calomicrus foveolatus Rosenhauer, 1856

Fig. 5

EXAMINED SPECIMENS. SPAIN. 1 ex., Granada: Lanteira, Arroyo de la Teja, 1650 m, 9.7.1982, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 6 exx., Málaga: Parauta, Sierra de las Nieves, Quejigales, 1200 m, Quercus rotundifolia, 18.6.1984, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 3 exx., ídem, 29.6.1983; 3 exx., Estepona, Sierra Bermeja, 24.5.1980, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 1 ex., ídem, 30.5.1992, J.M. Vela leg.; 1 ex., Jubrique, Río Genal, 16.6.1988, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 12 exx., ídem, Q. suber, 18.5.1996, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 10 exx., Benahavís, Sierra Palmitera, Q. suber, 3.5.1987, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 5 exx., Coín, Sierra Alpujata, río Pereilas, 350 m, Q. suber, 10.5.1987, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 12 exx., ídem, 30.5.1990; 6 exx., Ojén, El Juanar, 850 m, 16.6.1984, M.A. Alonso Zarazaga leg.; 1 ex., Ronda, Puerto del Viento, 1100 m, 25.5.1990, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 1 ex., ídem, 12.5.1992; 4 exx., Cortes de la Frontera, 21.6.1987, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 2 exx., Gaucín, Sierra del Hacho, 620 m, 7.6.1987, Bastazo & Vela leg.

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. Spain (Beenen, 2010)

IBERIAN DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to South Spain. Granada: Sierra Nevada (Rosenhauer, 1856; Vela & Bastazo, 2013); Málaga: Ronda (Laboissière, 1912; Teunissen, 2002); Málaga: Nerja (Vela et al., 2017). Oliveira (1891) based his records from Portugal in the concept of Luperus foveolatus sensu Joannis, 1865, which should be referred to L. sulphuripes Gräells. Later, Seabra (1943) repeated the Oliveira’s records. So far, in agreement with Beenen (2010), this species has not been cited from Portugal.

Calomicrus sordidus (Kiesenwetter, 1873)

Fig. 6

EXAMINED SPECIMENS. SPAIN. 3 exx., Málaga: Algatocín, Q. suber, 23.5.1992, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 20 exx., ídem, 15.5.1996; 12 exx., Benahavís, Sierra Palmitera, Q. suber, 3.5.1987, Bastazo & Vela leg.; 2 exx., Estepona, Sierra Bermeja, 16.4.1977, J. de Ferrer leg.; 2 exx., Coín, río Pereilas, 30.5.1990, Bastazo & Vela leg., 2 exx.

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. Spain (Beenen, 2010).

IBERIAN DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to South Spain: Jaén (Kiesenwetter, 1873), Málaga (Vela & Bastazo, 1991; Vela et al., 2017) and Cádiz: Tarifa (Teunissen, 2002).

Species excluded of Calomicrus Dillwyn, 1829

Euluperus espanoli (Codina, 1963) comb. nov.

Figs. 7, 11, 16, 20, 24, 27

Luperus (Calomicrus) espanoli Codina, 1963: 368 (original description).

Calomicrus espanoli – Wilcox, 1973: 516 (catalogue) – Warchałowski, 2003: 352 (key) – Warchałowski, 2010: 673 (key) – Beenen, 2010: 470 (catalogue).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Hispania: Albacete: El Pardal, Sierra de Segura”.

EXAMINED MATERIAL. SPAIN. 8 exx., Teruel, Mora de Rubielos, on Pinus sylvestris, 24.7.1991, V. Pérez Fortea leg.

Redescription

BL: ♂♂: 3.54-3.98 mm; ♀♀: 3.96-4.59 mm. Body oblong-elongate (fig. 7), its length is 2.21-2.41 (♂♂), 2.03-2.21 (♀♀) times its maximum width. General colour pale yellow to testaceous. Apex of labrum, apex of mandibles, maxilar palpi and abdomen brownish. Tarsi obscured. Antennomeres V-XI brown or black in males. In females all the antenna is yellow except a small darker area at the apex of antennomere IV to XI.

HEAD. Slightly narrower than the anterior side of pronotum. Cephalic width 1.54-1.59 (♂♂), 1.50 (♀♀) times the interocular distance, and 3.25-3.75 (♂♂), 3.43-3.75 (♀♀) times the interantennal distance. Vertex little shiny, smooth or microgranulated, with disperse points. Near the posterior margin of the eye there are some yellow, erect setae. Coronal sulcus no or barely perceptible in the confluence with the frontal suture. Frontal suture in large V or U-form, with a depression in the middle, hardly reaching the postero-inner border of the eye, not following in the ocular sulcus. Frontal tubercles in triangular form, touching in a point with the middle-frontal suture. Nasal keel weakly swollen. Clypeus and labrum with yellow erect setae. Fore side of labrum straight or weakly concave. Antennae slightly longer in males than in females; their length is 1.03-1.08 (♂♂), 1.00-1.03 (♀♀) times the length of the elytra. Antennomeres parallel. Pubescence of antennae scarce and disperse in the antennomeres I-III, in the others is more dense with some very long setae in their apex. Antennomere IV is 0.89-0.92 (♂♂), 0.81-0.85 (♀♀) times the sum of antennomeres II and III, and 1.60-1.67 (♂♂), 1.50-1.69 (♀♀) as the length of antennomere III. Antennomere III is 1.08-1.27 (♂♂), 1.00-1.17 (♀♀) times the length of antennomere II. Antennomeres relative length: 12-6-7-10-12-12-11-11-11-11-11 (♂♂), 15-8-8-13-13-13-13-13-13-13-12 (♀♀).

PRONOTUM. Scarcely convex, a bit shiny, with a fine microgranulation which may be microwrinckled or with fine, shallow and dense punctation, more visible in the posterior part. There are two lateral shallow depressions, sometimes hardly visible, and a longitudinal lineal impression at the base. Transverse, its maximum width is 1.60-1.64 (♂♂), 1.60-1.66 (♀♀) times its length in the middle. Its maximum width is also 1.21-1.25 (♂♂), 1.29-1.35 (♀♀) times the cephalic width. Anterior side not margined, with the middle zone straight or slightly sinuated. Sometimes there is a row of short hairs forwards. Lateral sides curved, with well visible margin, narrowed in the anterior and posterior part. The maximum width is in the middle and have some testaceous short hairs directed outwards. Posterior side with fine but visible margin, curved but sinuated in the scutellar area. Anterior angles straight, scarcely protruding, rather smooth, with a small callus and a setigerous pore with a long seta in subapical position. Posterior angles weakly pointed, obtuse.

Scutellum small, triangular, smooth.

ELYTRA. Length 4.01-4.20 (♂♂), 3.82-4.05 (♀♀) times longer than pronotum. Scarcely shiny, punctation dense, shallow, not well defined, with a microwrinckled aspect. The points obliterate at the apex. The entire surface with yellow setae.

LEGS. Protibia 1.43-1.70 (♂♂), 1.53-1.63 (♀♀) times longer than the protarsus. Length of protarsus is 2.31-2.67 (♂♂), 2.40-2.56 (♀♀) times the length of protarsomere I. This is 1.87-2.29 (♂♂), 2.00-2.14 (♀♀) longer that wide. Mesotibia slightly longer than the protibia. Metatibia 1.19-1.24 (♂♂), 1.17-1.25 (♀♀) times the length of the mesotibia. Also, metatibia is 1.36-1.55 (♂♂), 1.41-1.51 (♀♀) times the length of the metatarsus. Tibiae robust gradually widened towards the apex, with apical, deciduous spur on its inner apical side, no longer than half the apical diameter of the tibia. Femora with sparse, yellow pubescence. Metatarsus 2.12-2.29 (♂♂), 2.22-2.58 (♀♀) times the length of the metatarsomere I. Metatarsomere I is 0.77-0.89 (♂♂), 0.63-0.82 (♀♀) times longer than the rest of the metatarsus and 1.50-1.85 (♂♂), 1.27-1.63 (♀♀) times longer than the metatarsomere IV, which is short. Claws appendiculate.

VENTRAL SURFACE. Proventrite with a narrow keel, inconspicuous between the procoxae. Proacetabula open.

GENITALIA. ♂♂: Last abdominal ventrite with three lobes (fig. 27), the lateral ones are regularly curved. Penis in ventral view parallel sided until last 1/10, where converges until a point not very acute; the base with two teeth projecting laterally and ventrally (fig. 11a). In lateral view is regular and slightly curved, narrowing at the apex to end in a point (fig. 11b).

♀♀: Spermatheca (fig. 16) with nodulus swollen, wrinkled; cornu little differentiated, regularly curved, with rounded, blunt apex; ductus sclerified in a long way, with two close curves; glandula auxiliaris inserted almost at the end of the sclerified part of the ductus. Gonocoxite without basal wings (fig. 20). Sternite VIII and tignum with rounded sclerite (fig. 24).

TAXONOMIC REMARKS. Euluperus espanoli was described from a female (Codina, 1963), and is here redescribed for both sexes and combined in Euluperus. After evaluation of the features set up by Bezděk (2015) to separate Calomicrus and Euluperus, Luperus (Calomicrus) espanoli should be included in Euluperus. However, this species has yellow colouration including femora and open proacetabula, which should be added as exceptions in the list of generic characters of Euluperus. See taxonomic remarks under E. pinicola.

DISTRIBUTION. SPAIN: Logroño: Canales (Champion, 1904, sub Luperus lividus Joannis, “on pines”); Albacete: El Pardal, Sierra de Segura; Tarragona: Cabacés, Valls (Codina, 1963), Sierra de Prades (Alonso de Medina, 1982; Petitpierre, 1988); Teruel: Mora de Rubielos (present data).

TROPHISM. The studied specimens were collected from Pinus sylvestris (Víctor Pérez Fortea, com. pers.).

Euluperus pinicola (Duftschmid, 1825) comb. nov.

Figs. 8, 12, 17, 21, 25

Crioceris pinicola Duftschmid, 1825: 234 (original description)

Luperus pinicola var. silvestris Weise, 1886: 601 (original description) (synonymized by Beenen, 2010).

Luperus concolor Apfelbeck, 1912: 259 (original description) (synonymized by Laboissière, 1925).

Luperus pinicola: Hiller, 1975 (morphology, biology, ecology).

Luperus (Calomicrus) pinicola: Weise, 1886: 601 (key, description), 1924: 116 (catalogue); Bedel, 1897: 161 (key); Everts, 1903: 451 (key); Laboissière, 1912: 35, 53; 1925: 51; 1934: 87, 91 (key, description); Reitter, 1913: 142 (key); Müller, 1953: 401 (key); Mohr, 1966: 201 (key).

Calomicrus pinicola: Wilcox, 1973: 516 (catalogue); Gruev & Tomov, 1986: 120 (key, description); Warchałowski, 2003: 352 (key), 2010: 673 (key); Lopatin et al., 2004: 139 (catalogue); Beenen, 2010: 470 (catalogue).

TYPE LOCALITY. ”Linz [Austria]”.

DIAGNOSIS. The dorsum is dark brown or blackish, with the pronotum reddish more or less darkened (fig. 8), whereas the formerly known species of the genus have metallic teguments (Bezděk, 2015). For a detailed description see Hiller (1975). It is worthy to describe the sexual characters. ♂♂: Last abdominal ventrite with three lobes, the lateral ones are curved, not angulated. Penis in ventral view parallel sided until last 1/10, where it converges until a point not very acute; the base with two teeth projecting latero-ventrally (fig. 12a). In lateral view it is regular and slightly curved, ending in a fine plate with a small tooth at the apex (fig. 12b). ♀♀: Spermatheca (fig. 17) with nodulus very weakly swollen, wrinkled; cornu regularly curved, with rounded, smooth apex; ductus sclerified in a long way, with a close curve; glandula auxiliaris inserted almost at the end of the sclerified part of the ductus. Gonocoxite without basal wings (fig. 21). Sternite VIII and tignum as in fig. 25.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS. Very distinctive characters in Euluperus, shared by E. espanoli and E. pinicola, differently than Calomicrus, are: a) Vertex hairy, b) aedeagus with two teeth situated latero-ventrally at base, a long ventral furrow, and a fine plate at apex (in lateral view); c) male last abdominal ventrite with two incisions delimitating three lobes, the lateral ones rounded and not angulated (fig. 27), contrary to Calomicrus type species, C. circumfusus, where these lobes are somewhat angulated (fig. 26); d) nodulus of the spermatheca with fine wrinkles, first part of the ductus not dilated and long, sclerified part of ductus short after the insertion of accessory gland (figs. 16, 17, contrary to Calomicrus, see figs. 14, 15); e) base of gonocoxite not wing-shaped (in agreement to Bezděk 2015) (see fig. 20-21) in contrast with the wing shape in Calomicrus (figs. 18, 19). Other species included in Calomicrus, especially in North Mediterranean countries and Turkey, also share many of these characters, and need a reevaluation for their correct generic combination.

DISTRIBUTION. Known of greater part of Europe (see Beenen, 2010). In Spain was only known from Gerona: Vidrà (Petitpierre & Doguet, 1981).

TROPHISM. Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arnold (Laboissière, 1934, Müller, 1953).

COMMENTS. As indicated above, E. espanoli and E. pinicola live on Pinus species, suggesting an affinity of a part of the Euluperus species for the family Pinaceae.

Practical key to the Iberian species of Calomicrus and EuluperusTOP

Five species of Calomicrus live in the Iberian Peninsula, of which C. sordidus, C. foveolatus and C. ibericus sp. nov., are very similar in morphology and also in the outlines of aedeagus and spermatheca. However, they are easily separated by their colouration. Other species previously included in Calomicrus as C. espanoli or C. pinicola, belong to Euluperus, but are also keyed.

AcknowledgementsTOP

The late Nicole Berti, from the Museum de Histoire Naturelle, Paris, sent me a drawing of the female genitalia of the female holotype of Calomicrus fallax, and allowed me to visit her institution to study Galerucinae. This visit was highly facilitated through the extreme kindness of late Michel Bergeal and his wife Barbara. The following colleagues were kind enough to send specimens from their collections or institutions for study: Ron Beenen (Nieuwegein), Mauro Daccordi (Verona), Serge Doguet † (Fontenay-sous-Bois), Frank Fritzlar (Jena), Jan Pelikán (Hradec Králové), Lukáš Sekerka (Prague), Víctor Pérez-Fortea (Teruel, Mora de Rubielos) and Eduard Petitpierre (Palma de Mallorca), who also encouraged me to write this paper. Gloria Bastazo (Málaga) helped me in the field and laboratory work. Jan Bezděk (Brno) and Eduard Petitpierre (Palma de Mallorca) made useful comments that improved the manuscript.

ReferencesTOP