FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON EUPELMINAE (HYMENOPTERA, CHALCIDOIDEA, EUPELMIDAE) IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA AND CANARY ISLANDS, INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

Data on Eupelmus Dalman, additional to that presented in Askew & Nieves-Aldrey (2000), are given here, including the location of type material of three species described by C. Bolívar. Eupelmus hungaricus Erdös is transferred to Reikosiella ( n. comb. ). Representation of other genera of Eupelminae in the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands is reviewed ( Anastatus 9 spp., Arachnophaga 2 spp., Brasema 1 sp., Calymmochilus 3 spp., Merostenus 1 sp.) and keys to species are given. Three species are described as new, Anastatus maculosus Askew, A. magnoculus Askew and Calymmochilus delphinus Askew.

An account has been given previously (Askew & Nieves-Aldrey, 2000) of species of Eupelmus (including Macroneura Walker, 1837) in the region.Here we consider species in the remaining genera of Eupelminae, treated alphabetically, and also provide additional information on Eupelmus.

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Forewing with two well-separated white spots behind marginal vein (fig.1), the separation between the two broader than length of stigmal vein; antennal flagellum plus pedicel 1.5-1.6 times as long as breadth of head; scrobes with upper limit poorly defined but separated from anterior ocellus by about three diameters of ocellus; ovipositor sheath extending beyond last tergite for a distance about equal to length of metabasitarsus .Anastatus bernardi is very close to A. ruficaudus Ferrière, 1954.The latter is a common species in south-west France but has not been recorded from Spain.Females of the two can be distinguished by the colour characters given in the above key, but the differences are slight and it is not certain that two species are involved.Anastatus ruficaudus has page priority over A. bernardi and is an egg parasitoid of Tettigoniidae.
There are six of Bernard's original mounts of A. ameleophagus in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris bearing 8 ff and 2 mm , and we are informed by G. Gibson (pers. com.) that there are 3 mm and 6 ff in the Natural History Museum, London labelled as 'cotypes'.Bernard (1935) mentioned 7 ff 3 mm as 'types', emer- ging in August from oothecae of Ameles collected at Fréjus.A female in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, in good condition, mounted by itself and agreeing well with Bernard's description, is labelled 'Fréjus (Var) èclos viii.34F.
Bernard', Anastatus ameleophagus f F. Bernard'   and 'TYPE' in red print.To avoid possible confusion resulting from the split type series, this specimen is selected as lectotype and has been labelled accordingly.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. 1 f 10 mm , same data as holotype, damaged; 1 f 1 m , Mallorca, Cala Ravinda, ex mantid oothe- ca, collected 13.xii.1990,M. Boness; 1 m , Portugal, Algarve, Ferragudo, 15.x.1999,M. Boness.FEMALE.Body dark green with coppery tints mainly on face, scutellum and axillae; pronotum, prepectus and mesopleuron non-metallic from dark brown (holotype) to testaceous; gaster with second tergite brownish, paler than rest of gaster but not white; ovipositor sheath light brown.Antenna with scape light brown, pedicel dark with green reflections, flagellum dark brown with weak coppery reflections.Forewing brown at base of basal cell and from proximal end of parastigma to wing apex but with two clear spots behind marginal vein (fig.1), pilosity pale on clear spots, dark on brown areas; hind wing clear.Legs with femora and tibiae brown, the ventral surfaces rather paler than the dorsal; tarsi with claws and two apical segments dark brown, basal tarsal segments paler, mesotarsus with first three segments brownish white, the ventral pegs dark brown.Length 2.8-3.1 mm.
Head in dorsal view 1.7 times as broad as long; temple 0.4 times length of eye; POL 3 times OOL.Head in front view 1.15 times as broad as high; minimum separation of eyes 0.42 times head breadth; torulus with upper margin about level with lower orbit; scrobes separated from anterior ocellus by just over three diameters of ocellus, their outer edges raised.Antenna with pedicel plus flagellum 1.6 times as long as breadth of head; scape as long as height of eye; flagellum (fig.2) clavate, anellus transverse, first funicle segment (Fu1) narrower than pedicel and more than 3 times as long as broad, Fu2 to Fu7 progressively broader and shorter; clava with ventral surface concave in air-dried material and appearing obliquely truncate from some angles.
Mesosoma (excluding prothorax) in dorsal view 1.4 times as long as broad; mesoscutum with median lobe occupying two-thirds of mesoscutal length, as strongly reticulate as scutellum and axilla, rather dull, the depressed area behind median lobe with very weak reticulate sculpture laterally and smooth and shiny medially, moderately pilose; scutellum about 1.5 times as long as broad; mesopleuron shiny, the anterior 0.4 faintly reticulate with white and slightly flattened pilosity, posteriorly finely striate.Legs with apex of protibia with 3-4 small spines in front; mesotarsal segments ventrally with two rows of brown, darker-tipped pegs (holotype has 11-12 pegs in each row on basitarsus, 5 on T2, 3-4 on T3, 1 on T4).
Forewing (fig. 1) densely pilose except dorsal half of basal cell, but hairs white and difficult to see on clear spots; ratio of lengths of costal cell: marginal vein: stigmal vein: postmarginal vein as 32:27:5:13.
Gaster excluding ovipositor sheath longer than mesosoma (42:32), 2.3 times as long as broad, broadest behind middle; ovipositor sheath exserted for a distance about 0.37 times length of metatibia.MALE.Head and mesosoma predominantly violet with some dark green reflections on lower face.
Antenna with scape light brown, pedicel and flagellum darker with clava and last two funicle segments dark brown.Forewing patterned as in female.Length 2.2-2.4 mm.Antenna (fig.3) with scape excluding radicle just over twice as long as broad, narrow in basal half and expanded in apical half with a flat, smooth area occupying upper half of anterior face; pedicel plus flagellum 1.8 times as long as breadth of head; Fu1 3.3 times as long as pedicel and 3.8 times as long as broad, slightly bent; Fu2 to Fu7 of equal breadth but progressively shorter, Fu7 subquadrate, all funicle segments with short linear sensillae in irregular transverse rows and extremely short pilosity; clava with intersegmental divisions hardly visible.
Mesonotum with notauli shallow posteriorly; scutellum 1.5 times as long as broad, its base about 0.6 times breadth of an axilla.Propodeum medially 0.25 times length of scutellum, median carina absent, sculpture fine and weakly engraved.
Gaster almost or quite as long as mesosoma.
ETYMOLOGY.Maculosus (Latin), spotted.Refers to the white wing spots present in both sexes.
COMMENTS.Female A. maculosus most closely resemble A. catalonicus Bolívar, the two species having similar thoracic sculpture with the median lobe of the mesoscutum strongly reticulate and relatively dull and the posterior depressed area partly smooth and shiny.The white transverse band on the forewing of female A. catalonicus is medially constricted and occasionally completely divided by a narrow infuscate 'bridge', but in A. maculosus the two white spots derived from the transverse band are always well-separated.Female A. maculosus has a longer ovipositor sheath and shorter antennal scrobe than A. catalonicus, as described in the key, and the antennal toruli are slightly higher on the face.Males of the two species are very distinct, the forewing of A. maculosus being patterned as in the female but that of A. catalonicus being clear; in addition, the antennal scape, maxillary palp and metatibia of A. maculosus are brownish whilst these parts in A. catalonicus are more or less marked with yellow.
Head in dorsal view 1.65 times as broad as long; temple 0.4 times length of eye; POL about 2.5 times OOL, posterior ocellus separated from orbit by about its diameter; eye relatively large, its breadth about 1.15 times that of vertex; vertex dull with raised reticulate sculpture.Head in front view (fig.4) only slightly broader than high; torulus with centre about level with lower orbit, intertorular prominence relatively large, strongly reticulate and rounded, without a median carina; scrobes finely reticulate, separated from anterior ocellus by about two diameters of ocellus.Antenna (fig.4) with pedicel plus flagellum 1.9 times breadth of head (left antenna missing after Fu3); scape slightly longer than height of eye (12:11); flagellum expanding to apex of Fu3, thereafter of constant width to clava; pedicel in dorsal view twice as long as broad; anellus about 1.5 times as broad as long; funicle segments all of approximately similar length; anellus plus Fu1 1.4 times as long as pedicel; Fu1 at base as broad as pedicel, slightly broader at apex, 2.4 times as long as apical breadth; Fu2 1.8 times as long as broad; Fu3 1.3 times as long as broad at apex, 2.5 times as broad as pedicel; Fu4-Fu7 of approximately similar dimensions, only slightly longer than broad; clava with entire ventral (outer) face flattened, in profile tapering to a point; vestiture of flagellum consisting of dense and very short, adpressed hairs.
Mesosoma (excluding pronotum) in dorsal view 1.5 times as long as broad; mesoscutum without a raised median lobe anteriorly, its entire surface between the curved sublateral carinae with raised reticulation, fine medially but quite coarse at the sides, and sparse pilosity; scutellum 1.7 times as long as broad; mesopleuron densely, longitudinally striate in posterior half, anteriorly shiny with hardly discernible sculpture and fine hairs.Protibia with 6 small,dark spines at apex; mesofemur flattened (as is normal in Anastatus); mesotarsal segments ventrally with two rows of rather long, pale but dark-tipped pegs, the basitarsus with 13 in anterior row, 15 in posterior row, T2 with 5, T3 with 2, T4 with 1 in each row; metatarsus notably thin, narrower than protarsus.
Brachypterous, forewing reaching only to posterior half of first gastral tergite, reflexed upwards at about middle, venation not visible, apex rounded.
Gaster about as long as rest of body; last tergite with 'thumbnail' extension strongly produced, about as long as basal breadth and overlying much of ovipositor sheath so that in dorsal view only the pale apex of the latter is visible; ovipositor sheath about half as long as metatibia.
COMMENTS.Anastatus magnoculus is closely related to A. lichtensteini, females of both species being brachypterous and without a raised median lobe on the mesoscutum.They may be distinguished by the characters given in the key (couplet 10); also, in A. lichtensteini a posterior ocellus is separated from the adjacent orbit by about two ocellar diameters (one in magnoculus), the flagellum is relatively shorter with Fu7 slightly transverse (Fu7 slightly elongate in magnoculus), the intertorular prominence has a very fine median carina (rounded in magnoculus) and the metatarsus is as broad as the protarsus (thinner than protarsus in magnoculus).
(c) Sociedad de Amigos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Licencia Creative Commons 3.0 España (by-nc) http://graellsia.revistas.csic.esArachnophaga Ashmead, 1896Mercetina Bolívar, 1933(synonymy in Gibson, 1995) The African and European species previously known under Mercetina are all assigned to Arachnophaga subgenus Parasolindenia Brues, 1907by Gibson (1995).Females are brachypterous and are characterized by the toruli being placed entirely below the lower orbit, elongated tegulae which are much longer than the prepectus, relatively long ventral mesotarsal pegs and striate scutellum.The male of A. picardi is redescribed below; that of A. matritensis is not certainly known but an unidentified male eupelmid, which might be A. matritensis, is also discussed below.
After his original description of A. picardi, Bernard (1936)  Face with lower edge of torulus slightly above lower orbit, lower face with short, white hairs which are very slightly flattened; genal setae unmodified.Antenna with scape linear, about four times as long as broad; pedicel ventrally with one long seta; flagellum compact, filiform, Fu1 about 2.7 times as long as broad and 3.0 times as long as pedicel, funicle segments with very short pilosity and several irregular transverse rows of short sensillae.Mandible tridentate.
Propodeum without median carina, medially faintly reticulate, almost smooth.Metacoxa with a few hairs on dorsal surface, outer surface bare.
Forewing with basal cell pilose and speculum not developed, the pilosity distad of basal vein rather sparse but absent only immediately behind parastigma.Ratio of lengths of costal cell: marginal vein: stigmal vein; postmarginal vein as 15:8:4:6.Gibson (1995) gave details of male Arachnophaga, emphasising their morphological diversity.The important features of male A. picardi would seem to be the rather high position of the antennal toruli, with the ventral margin above the lower orbit (usually below), only a single long ventral seta on the pedicel and bare outer face of the metacoxa. Arachnophaga?sp.indet.
Known only from males collected in Malaise traps and assigned to Arachnophaga because of their similarity to male A. picardi.They are quite frequent in Spain, and are probably associated with brachypterous females because no matching females have been captured with the males in Malaise traps.They possibly represent the unknown male of A. matritensis.
Lower face with short white hairs which are slightly flattened in larger specimens; no modified genal setae.Antennal torulus with lower edge somewhat below lower orbit; scape 3.2-3.4times as long as broad; pedicel ventrally with two or three long setae; flagellum compact, filiform, slightly tapering; F1 about 2.7 times as long as broad and 2.7 times as long as pedicel; funicle segments with very short pilosity and several irregular transverse rows of short sensillae.Mandible tridentate.
Thorax ventrally with rather dense, white pilosity; propodeum with median carina sometimes finely and faintly indicated, medially faintly reticulate, almost smooth.Metacoxa with hairs on dorsal surface to base, outer surface bare.
Forewing basal cell pilose; speculum absent although hairs behind parastigma are white and inconspicuous giving the illusion of a speculum.Ratio of lengths of costal cell: marginal vein: stigmal vein: postmarginal vein as 32:16:8:11; stigma rather large, fully twice as long as broad and separated from postmarginal vein by twice its height.
COMMENTS.Similar to the male of A. picardi but differing in having the toruli lower, their ventral edges below the level of the lower margins of the eyes, the scape broader, wings with paler venation and indistinct pilosity.The stigma is separated from the postmarginal vein by 2.0 times its height whereas in A. picardi it is separated by 2.5 times its height.

B. ephedricola
Calymmochilus Masi, 1919 Three of four European species of Calymmochilus, one of which is described as new below, occur in Spain.trap, vii.1987, vii.1988 or vii.1989,L. Lockey.
Allotype m.Collected 1988.Deposited in MNCN.Paratypes.1f 4mm collected in 1988, 2ff collected in  1989.ADDITIONAL MATERIAL.3mm 1987, 1m 1988, 3mm 1989.FEMALE.Head and mesosoma black with violet tints (strongest on face), supraclypeal area slightly green; antenna brown with scape yellow.Forewing weakly yellowish with a brown mark proximally in basal and costal cells; venation yellow except for brown proximal half of submarginal vein.Legs uniformly yellow, only tarsal claws brown.Gaster dorsally brownish in basal half, apical half yellow with a brown stripe running from cercus almost to apex of gaster, ventral surface mostly yellow.Length 1.6-1.8mm.
Head in dorsal view almost twice as broad as long (55:29), frons deeply excavated, temple about 0.1 times length of eye; POL:OOL as 5:4.Head in front view (fig.6) slightly broader than high (13:12); scrobal area strongly excavated but not clearly defined laterally; face receding below toruli, torulus far below eye and only about one diameter above level of base of mandible; clypeus semicircularly protruding with a reflexed rim which is crossed by a number of fine ridges, each ridge ending on the margin of the clypeus as a minute tooth -teeth much smaller (fig.6) than in C. dispar (fig.7)-.Mandible about twice as long as basal breadth with a single slightly curved, pale tooth.Antenna (fig.6) with pedicel plus flagellum 1.4 times breadth of head; scape 1.2 times as long as an eye; pedicel almost 3.0 times as long as broad; anellus slightly longer than broad; Fu1 plus anellus shorter and narrower than pedicel; Fu1 about twice as long as broad, the following segments subequal in length but progressively broadening, Fu7 about 1.4 times as long as broad and broader than pedicel; clava almost as long as combined Fu4-Fu7, 3.1 times as long as broad, apically pointed with a pad of micropilosity on inner faces of C2 and C3.
Mesosoma in dried material usually flexed at scuto-scutellar suture; scutellum and axillae in same plane and strongly reticulate, dull; mesopleuron with raised and moderately coarse reticulate sculpture.Mesotarsus with a double row of brownish yellow pegs on ventral surfaces of 3 or 4 proximal segments; mesotibial spur relatively short, not twice as long as apical breadth of tibia.
Forewing not quite reaching apex of gaster, evenly pilose without a speculum, the hairs short and dense; relative lengths of costal cell: marginal vein: stigmal vein: postmarginal vein as 36:24:8:15; submarginal vein with proximal half thicker than distal half, the wing slightly flexed at junction of the two thicknesses.
Gaster ovate, about 1.8 times as long as broad, its apex bluntly rounded; T7 completely concealing ovipositor in dorsal view.MALE.Darker than female; scape, legs and gaster mostly brown to black; wings clear.Length 0.8-1.2mm.ETYMOLOGY.Delphinus (Latin), a dolphin, to which the female gaster bears a fanciful resemblance.
COMMENTS.Females of C. delphinus and C. subnubilus are readily distinguished on colour characters, as indicated in the key, although morphologically they are close.No reliable character has been found to separate males of these two species, although characters given in the key (above) to distinguish them from male C. dispar tend to be present in a more extreme form in C. delphinus than in C. subnubilus.
Chaemocytisus, 1 f 25.ix.1999,M. Sanchez   Ruiz.From the same locality 7 mm Calymmochilus, which are probably conspecific with the above female, were captured in a Malaise trap, viii and ix.1999, T. Domingo Quero.

E. (M.) seculatus
Reikosiella Yoshimoto, 1969 R. hungarica (Erdös, 1959: 327-330) new combination The identification and resulting new combination was based on examination of the holotype female of Eupelmus hungaricus Erdös in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, by G. Gibson (pers. com.).This is a distinctive eupelmid with white second to fifth funicle segments.A single female from Zaragoza was reported by us in 2000 (under the name Eupelmus hungaricus), and another Spanish female from Madrid, El Ventorillo, Malaise trap, 9-16.vi.1989,JNA (MNCN) has since been found.This latter specimen is labelled 'Reikosiella (Hirticauda) hungarica det.G. Gibson'. Hirticauda Boucek, 1988 is considered a subgenus of Reikosiella Yoshimoto, 1969 by Gibson (1995), but no reference is made to E. hungaricus in the latter work.